Following the United States from the post-war (Revolution) period to end of the Civil War. Enjoy.
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| 1825397148 | What was a main postwar problem of the United States? | European and North African Barbary Pirates attached merchant ships, seizing goods and kidnapping crew. | 0 | |
| 1825397149 | Who was the chair of the Constitutional Convention? | George Washington. | 1 | |
| 1825397150 | Explain the significance of James Madison at the Constitutional Convention. | He was a delegate from Virginia, was well read in the areas of federalism, republicanism, and Lockean theory. Provided cornerstones for the development of what is now the U.S. Constitution: expressed the need for central government, separation of powers (legislative, judicial, and executive branches), the dangers of factions, and the power of a strong government would keep groups in check. | 2 | |
| 1825397151 | Explain the Virginia Plan. | Proposed by Edmund Randolph and larger state delegates, the plan called for representation in both houses to be based solely on population or proportional representation. | 3 | |
| 1825397152 | Explain the New Jersey Plan. | Presented by William Paterson, proposal asked for equal representation, regardless of the number of citizens per state, in a unicameral legislative body. | 4 | |
| 1825397153 | Who proposed the Great Compromise, and what did it mean? | Roger Sherman proposed the Great Compromise in 1787. The House of Representatives, or lower chamber, would take over the Virginia Plan; members who reflected the population of individual states. The Senate, or upper chamber, would comprised of membership that was equal regardless of state population, like the New Jersey Plan. | 5 | |
| 1825397154 | What were delegates worried about for the executive branch? | Mobocracy, in which uneducated would choose a president who was dangerous to the stability of the nation. | 6 | |
| 1825397155 | What was the solution to mobocracy dilemma in the executive branch? | The Electoral College was allowed. It cast votes as representatives of their states, they controlled democracy, and mob rule was avoided. | 7 | |
| 1825397156 | What powers is the president given? (3 main points) | He would be commander in chief of the armed forces, act as chief diplomat, and have the ability to veto laws made by the legislative branch. | 8 | |
| 1825397157 | What were Southern and Northern arguments in the Three-Fifths Compromise? | Southerners argued that although slaves could not vote, they still had to be managed by the state and should thus be counted as part of the population. Northerners, disliked the practice of slavery, knew better than to ask for abolition. | 9 | |
| 1825397158 | What did the Three-Fifths Compromise do? (3 main points) | This compromise stipulated that each enslaved person in the South would be counted as three-fifths of a person. The South conceded to the end of the legal importation of slaves in 1808. It was also in exchange for the passage of the Northwest Ordinance. Lastly, Congress could place taxes on imports, but not exports. | 10 | |
| 1825397159 | What did Federalist and Anti-Federalists believe about the government and Constitution during ratification? | Federalist were in favor of the Constitution, they wanted a strong central government. Anti-Federalists were opposition to the Constitution, and favored strong states' rights. | 11 | |
| 1825397160 | During the debate of ratification, Anti-Federalists argued that the Constitution didn't do what? | Did not protect individual and states' rights from the federal government. | 12 | |
| 1825397161 | What were The Federalist Papers? | Penned by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 powerful essays that urged ratifying conventions to set aside emotions when they considered the Constitution. They refuted doubts about whether a central government could effectively rule such a vast territory. | 13 | |
| 1825397162 | Who penned the Bill of Rights and what did it consist of? | James Madison penned the Bill of Rights in 1789. The 10 amendments served to protect states and individuals from possible abuses by the central government. | 14 | |
| 1825397163 | Who were George Washington's presidential cabinet members? | Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Edmund Randolph, and Henry Knox. | 15 | |
| 1825397164 | What Act established a Supreme Court consisting of one presiding chief justice and five associate justices, 13 district courts, and 3 circuit courts of appeal? | The Judiciary Act of 1789. | 16 | |
| 1825397165 | What did Alexander Hamilton's Report of Public Credit (1790) explain? | It explained how monetary and fiscal policy should favor the rich so that their good fortune would be spent within the economy and, thus, stimulate domestic growth. | 17 | |
| 1825397166 | What did Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures (1791) promote? (2 points) | It promoted the industrialization of the United States and advocated strong protective tariffs to protect infant industries. | 18 | |
| 1825397167 | What was Alexander Hamilton's overall financial plan for the United States? (5 points) | He set out to place the United States on firm ground with regard to debt repayment, a stable currency, and a strong federal banking system. He sought to boost national credit, enact heavy tariffs on imported goods. | 19 | |
| 1825397168 | What was Hamilton's funding at par? | The government should pay all debts at face value plus interest. | 20 | |
| 1825397169 | Which Act placed 8% tariff on imports and imposed excise taxes on goods such as whiskey? | The Revenue Act of 1789. | 21 | |
| 1825397170 | What was the Whiskey Rebellion? | Backwood farmers in Pennsylvania were hit hard by the excise tax imposed on whiskey. They protested the tax by tarring and feathering tax collectors or destroying public buildings. | 22 | |
| 1825397171 | What would the Bank of the United States do? (2 points) | The federal government would hold the major financial interest in the bank, with private stockholders contributing. The national treasury would keep its deposits in the bank, keeping the funds safe and available as loanable funds. | 23 | |
| 1825397172 | How did Hamilton believe the Constitution supported the creation of a national bank? | He believed it supported a national bank because of the "elastic clause" in clause 18 of Article I in the Constitution. | 24 | |
| 1825397173 | What was Alexander Hamilton's most controversial aspect in his financial plan? | A national bank. | 25 | |
| 1825397174 | Describe what strict constructionist and one who believed in it. | Thomas Jefferson believed in strict interpretation of the Constitution. | 26 | |
| 1825397175 | Describe what loose constructionist and one who believed in it. | Alexander Hamilton believed loose interpretation of the Constitution. | 27 | |
| 1825397176 | When and who signed the national bank into law? | George Washington signed the bank into law in 1791. | 28 | |
| 1825397177 | What were the Democratic-Republican Party's viewpoints? (2 points) | They believed in liberal states' rights and a common man's viewpoint. The party was originally held by the Anti-Federalists. | 29 | |
| 1825397178 | How did the French Revolution (1789-1793) affect America? | It challenged America's sovereignty, since Washington had to decide where U.S. loyalties lie. Giving France assistance would strain the delicate relationship with Britain. | 30 | |
| 1825397179 | What was the result and after math of the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793? | The French and British were unhappy with the Neutrality Proclamation and began impressing American ship sailors and taking cargo. | 31 | |
| 1825397180 | What was Jay's Treaty meant to do? | John Jay was sent to Britain in 1794 to negotiate and seek the recognition of the U.S. neutrality. However, it did not settle the issue, but did call for the removal of British forts in the west. | 32 | |
| 1825397181 | What did Washington's Farewell Address express? (3 points) | Delivered in 1797, the Farewell Address warned the infant nation to remain neutral with regard to European affairs, to avoid entangling alliance, and refrain from the formation of factions or political parties. | 33 | |
| 1825397182 | Who was the second president of the United States? | John Adams. | 34 | |
| 1825397183 | What was the XYZ affair? | Seeking a halt to American sea seizures, Adams sent a delegation to Paris in 1797 to negotiate an agreement. However, when they arrived they were approached by three French agents only named as X, Y, and Z. They demanded a large sum of money as a loan and an additional bribe from the American delegation just to speak with French officials. | 35 | |
| 1825397184 | What was the results of the Convention of 1800 with France? | The termination of the Franco-American Alliance, an agreement by the United States to pay for damages inflicted on French vessels, and the avoidance of an all-out war with France. | 36 | |
| 1825397185 | Which Acts were enact because Federalists swept control of Congress to silence opposition emboldened by anger over the XYZ affair? What did these Acts do? | The Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Acts increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years and gave the president power to detain or deport enemy aliens in times of war. The Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the president or Congress and imposed a heavy fine or a threat of imprisonment upon violators. | 37 | |
| 1825397186 | By invoking the compact theory which two states passed resolutions overturning the Alien and Sedition Acts? What did they argue? | Kentucky and Virginia argued that states were justified in declaring federal laws null and void because the government had broken its "compact" with the states by failing to protect free speech. | 38 | |
| 1825397187 | The decline in the strength of the Federalist party can be attributed to what? | The Alien and Sedition Acts. | 39 | |
| 1825397188 | What did the United States gain from the Pinckney Treaty in 1795? | Right of deposit at the Port of New Orleans. | 40 | |
| 1825397189 | Explain the Louisiana Purchase. | Spain revoked the right of deposit in New Orleans, so Jefferson sent ministers to negotiate with Napoleon. Jefferson offered $10 million for New Orleans and a strip of land that extended to Florida. Instead, Napoleon offered the entire Louisiana Territory for only $15 million. | 41 | |
| 1825397190 | In what year did a team investigate and find an all-water rout connecting the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean? Who were they led by? | Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led an expedition in 1804, and returned in 1806 with notes and drawings of the flora and fauna. | 42 | |
| 1825397191 | What was the Judiciary Act of 1801 meant to do for Federalists? | It was created to try to maintain Federalist power in the Judiciary branch by reduced the number of seats on the Supreme Court from six to five, and created 16 new judgeship positions. | 43 | |
| 1825397192 | Which 16 judges were appointed in the last days of John Adam's presidentship? | The midnight judges. | 44 | |
| 1825397193 | How did Jefferson deal with the appointing of the midnight judges, and what was the consequence? | He told his secretary of state, James Madison, not to deliver the new judges' commissions, which blocked them from taking their judgeships. William Marbury, one of the midnight judges, sued under the Judiciary Act of 1789. | 45 | |
| 1825397194 | What was the term used as an order to force the president to deliver commission? | writ of mandamus. | 46 | |
| 1825397195 | What was John Marshall's, the Chief of Justice of the Supreme Court, decision on the case of Marbury vs. Madison? | He declared that Madison should have delivered the commission, but then held that the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 in which Marbury sued, exceeded the authority of the Court and therefore, was null and void. | 47 | |
| 1825397196 | Why was the ruling of the case Marbury vs. Madison significant in the Judiciary branch? | Marshall had ruled a law passed by Congress to be unconstitutional, thereby establishing the precedent of judicial review. | 48 | |
| 1825397197 | Who were the "Quids" and what did they accuse of Jefferson? | They were a small, radical group of Republicans and accused Jefferson of entanglement in a faulty and deal in the western half of Georgia in 1804. | 49 | |
| 1825397198 | Define the 12th Amendment. | Called for electors to the Electoral College to specify which ballot was being cast for the office of president and which was being cast for the office of vice president. | 50 | |
| 1825397199 | Who ran for governor of New York to under the support of which group in 1804? What was the group's plot? | Aaron Burr joined forces with a radical Federalist group called Essex Junto, which plotted for a New York state secession from the Union. | 51 | |
| 1825397200 | Explain the Burr Conspiracy. | In 1806, another secession plan arose from the Burr Conspiracy. His plan was to wrest Mexico from the Spaniards and join it with the Louisiana Territory to create a new country to the west. | 52 | |
| 1825397201 | Why did the Tripolitan War (1801-1804) occur? What did America gain? | North Africa Barbary pirates continued to seize American ships. Presidents payed "protection fee" to reduce the number times of U.S. ships would be seized. Once Jefferson took office, they leader of Tripoli demanded higher sum for protection. Instead of paying, Jefferson send a small fleet of naval ships to stop the pirates. American force put a dent in the work of the pirates, and gained credibility overseas. | 53 | |
| 1825397202 | How did the Napoleonic Wars affect the U.S.? | The British and French were busy punishing each other by issuing decrees that would blockade trade into one another's ports. | 54 | |
| 1825397203 | What was the Berlin Decree of 1806, and how did it affect the U.S.? | Napoleon's first attempt to cut Britain off from trading with the rest of the world meant that American ships traveling to Europe would get caught in the mess. | 55 | |
| 1825397204 | What was the Orders in Council in 1807, and how did if affect the U.S.? | Britain's retaliation against France. Any American ship traveling to mainland Europe that did not stop first in Britain would be confiscated. | 56 | |
| 1825397205 | What was the Milan Decree of 1807, and how did if affect the U.S.? | Napoleon fought back by authorizing his navy to seize any foreign ship traveling to Europe that had first stopped in Britain. | 57 | |
| 1825397206 | Because of the impressment and seizures of American ships, what did Jefferson do in 1807 in foreign trade? | He persuaded Congress to pass the Embargo Act in 1807, which prohibited U.S. merchant vessels from engaging in foreign trade. | 58 | |
| 1825397207 | What was passed in replacement of the Embargo Act and what did it do? | The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 allowed the United States to trade with foreign nations except Britain and France. | 59 | |
| 1825397208 | Why did Congress enact Macon's Bill Number 2? | Since the Non-Intercourse Act and Embargo Act was difficult to enforce and mostly ineffective, Macon's Bill Number 2 sought to lift trade restrictions against Britain or France but only after they agreed to honor U.S. neutrality. | 60 | |
| 1825397209 | Which general defeated which two Shawnee brothers, who organized in the face of an American advance westward, in which Battle? | General William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh and The Prophet in the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. | 61 | |
| 1825397210 | Where was "The Star Spangled Banner" written, and who wrote it? | Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star Spangled Banner". He was a prisoner on a British ship in the War of 1812. | 62 | |
| 1825397211 | Who led the victory in the South in the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812? | General Andrew Jackson. | 63 | |
| 1825397212 | What did the Treaty of Ghent do? | It ended the War of 1812 in 1814. The treaty provided for the end of the fighting, the return of conquered territories, and the settlement of a boundary between Canada and U.S. | 64 | |
| 1825397213 | What did the War of 1812 do for New England states? | It allowed manufacturing to flourish. It cause the country to become more independent from European markets. | 65 | |
| 1825397214 | Why was the Hartford Convention significant? | It renewed signs of sectional tension became evident. | 66 | |
| 1825397215 | Who was the president elected in the election in 1816? | James Monroe. | 67 | |
| 1825397216 | Even though it was known as the "Era of Good Feelings", what were the problems in Monroe's two-term presidency? (3 points) | Tension regarding tariffs, slavery, and political power within the Republican party. | 68 | |
| 1825397217 | What was the Tariff of 1816, and what were the three constituent arguments about it? | The Tariff of 1816 imposed a 20% duty on all imported goods and became the first truly protective tariff in American history. John C. Calhoun spoke for the South, saying the tariff was an attempt for the North to gain money at the expense of Southerners. For the North, Daniel WEbster, complained that New England had not developed fully enough for interruptions. Lastly, Henry Clay argued on behalf of American mill and iron industries that the tariff along with the American system, would help establish manufacturing and bring in much need revenue. | 69 | |
| 1825397218 | Explain Henry Clay's American system. (3 points) | It included the recharter of the Bank of the United States; tariffs like the one passed in 1816; and the building of American infrastructure, such as turnpikes, roads, and canals. | 70 | |
| 1825397219 | Why did many leaders oppose Clay's American system? | They thought federal funds should not be used to pay for internal improvements in states. | 71 | |
| 1825397220 | Explain the Panic of 1819. | The Bank of the United States over speculated on land in the west and attempted to curb inflation by pulling back on credit for state banks. the BUS was forced to demand from state banks in hard specie (coin). The "wildcat" banks in the west couldn't pay back in hard specie, so the amount of currency in circulation became dangerously low. | 72 | |
| 1825397221 | Describe the slavery situation in the United States before Missouri was vying for statehood. | There was a balance of slave and free states, 11 free, and 11 slave. It was important to keep the balance for the South because as long as there was a balance in the Senate, the South had the opportunity to block bills passed by the House that could hurt the South. | 73 | |
| 1825397222 | Why was the Tallmadge Amendment proposition as quoted by Jefferson as "a firebell in the night"? | It would not have allowed any more slaves to be brought into the state and would have provided for the emancipation of the children of Missouri slaves. Southerners were enraged by this abolition attempt. | 74 | |
| 1825397223 | Who proposed the Missouri Compromise and what did it do? | Henry Clay proposed the three bills of the Missouri Compromise in 1820. The bills allowed for the admission of Missouri as a slave state, while also admitting Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery would not be permitted in the states admitted about the 36' 30' line. | 75 | |
| 1825397224 | Which treaty in 1817 provided for the demilitarization of the Great Lakes and frontier borders and created the longest unfortified border in the world between U.S. and British North America? | The Rush-Bagot Treaty, signed in 1817. | 76 | |
| 1825397225 | Which treaty let the U.S. purchase Florida from Spain in 1819 and gained Spanish assurances that Spain would abandon its claims in the Oregon Territory? | The Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819. | 77 | |
| 1825397226 | Who actually penned the Monroe Doctrine and what was its meaning? | John Quincy Adams penned the Monroe Doctrine, in which President James Monroe delivered in 1823. It beame the basis of U.S. foreign policy from that point forward. The Doctrine called for "nonintervention" in Latin American and an end to European colonization. It was designed to check the power of Europe in the Western hemisphere. | 78 | |
| 1825397227 | When and who invented the cotton gin? | Created by Eli Whitney in 1793. | 79 | |
| 1825397228 | Name the four transportation advances in the early 19th century. (4 points) | Turnpikes spurred the building of toll roads across America. The Erie Canal linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat in 1807, which could transport goods two ways in streams. Railroads became the fastest, most dependable, and most convenient. | 80 | |
| 1825397229 | Describe the American Party/ Know-Nothing Party. | They were an extreme wing of the nativist movement. The group opposed immigration and the election of Roman Catholics to political office. | 81 | |
| 1825397230 | What was regional economic specialization caused by? | Railroads and overseas demand for manufactured raw goods. | 82 | |
| 1825397231 | What were American cities during the early 19th century characterized by? | Diseases, overcrowding and high crime growth due to sudden and immense growth. | 83 | |
| 1825397232 | What was Southern society characterized by? | An unbalanced social pyramid that had a small elite and a large underclass. | 84 | |
| 1825397233 | True or False. The United States in 1850 had very few people still working in agriculture. | False. It had a frontier that began west of the Mississippi River. | 85 | |
| 1825397234 | What caused peculiar institution of slavery to grow in the South? | King Cotton caused growing demand for slaves to work in the fields. The number of enslaved Africans increased from 1 million to 4 million in 50 years. | 86 | |
| 1825397235 | What were the aims of the Black Codes and the Slave Codes? | These laws were aimed at oppressing enslaved African, discouraging free blacks from living in the South, and preventing slave revolts. | 87 | |
| 1825397236 | By 1820, many states had adopted universal manhood suffrage. What did that mean for the voting population? | It eliminated the property-owning requirement that had once limited the voting population. | 88 | |
| 1825397237 | Under which party(ies), who ran for the 1824 election? Who became president? | All under the Democratic-Republican Party, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson ran for president. John Quincy Adams won. | 89 | |
| 1825397238 | Why was the election of 1824 also known as "Corrupt Bargain"? | Andrew Jackson won the greatest number of popular votes, but the votes were split four ways, no one man had a majority of electoral votes. House of Representatives had to choose the president. Henry Clay, a key opponent of Jackson's, used his influence to make Adams president. Adams then appointed Clay as secretary of state. | 90 | |
| 1825397239 | In the election of 1828, there once again were two-party system. Identify the two parties and the two candidates running for president. | Jackson's supporters were the Democrats, while the National Republicans (later known as "Whigs") supported Henry Clay. | 91 | |
| 1825397240 | What was Clay's National Republican Party (Whig) founded for? | It was especially founded to oppose the politics of Andrew Jackson. | 92 | |
| 1825397241 | What was the court case Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) about? | The Marshal court tuled that the state of New York could not issue a monopoly to a steamboat company because it was in direct conflict with the commerce clause of the Constitution. | 93 | |
| 1825397242 | Why did Jackson want the death of the Bank of the United States? How did he achieve this? | He wanted to ensure the success of every American, so the government needed to stay out of economic affairs. As the BUS was to expire in 1832, Jackson vetoed the rechartering bill. He split all federal funds and deposited them in various state banks, which opponents dubbed "pet banks". | 94 | |
| 1825397243 | What did Jackson issue when domestic prices for goods and land jumped dramatically and threatened to destroy the economy after the death of the BUS? | Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required the payment for purchase of all federal lands be made in hard coin rather than banknotes. | 95 | |
| 1825397244 | What caused the Panic of 1837? | The Specie Circular caused the value of paper money to plummet. | 96 | |
| 1825397245 | Jackson's support for the common man is best illustrated by what? | The BUS veto. | 97 | |
| 1825397246 | What was the Tariff of 1828? | It caused the tariff to rise to 45%. New Englanders supoorted the passage to further protect them from foreign competitors. | 98 | |
| 1825397247 | Who penned which Exposition that outlined the anger of the South in the face of the Tariff of Abomination or the Tariff of 1828? | John. C. Calhoun of South Carolina secretly penned "The Southern Carolina Exposition". It expressed the Souther contention that the tariff was unconstitutional and that it severely adversely altered trade with Europe, which the South depended on. | 99 | |
| 1825397248 | What were Robert Y. Hayne's and Daniel Webster viewpoints in their debate? | Hayne claimed that the tariff was causing the economic troubles of the South and that the union of states was a compact between the states and the federal government. Webster argued that the Constitution was a compact between the people and the government, not to be broken by the states acting on their own behalf. | 100 | |
| 1825397249 | How did Jackson's Tariff of 1832 backfire? | The tariff lowered from 45% to 35%, but South Carolina nullified the tariff and threatened to secede from the Union if Jackson attempted to collect the duties by force. | 101 | |
| 1825397250 | Define the Force Bill. | Jackson passed this bill, which gave the president the power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose. | 102 | |
| 1825397251 | The "nullies" led by John C. Calhoun were concerned mostly with what? | The extremely high protective tariffs. | 103 | |
| 1825397252 | Define spoils system. | When the president appoints those who supported his campaign to government position. | 104 | |
| 1825397253 | What was the kitchen cabinet of Jackson's presidency? | Jackson's unofficial cabinet, using the spoils system. From critics, this group of advisers did not have to answer to Congress as they were not "official cabinet members". | 105 | |
| 1825397254 | What was the Indian Removal Act? | Signed into law in 1830, it provided for the immediate resettlement of Native Americans living in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Illinois. | 106 | |
| 1825397255 | What did the Court rule in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia? | (1831) It ruled that the tribe was not a sovereign foreign nation and, therefore, had no right to sue for jurisdiction over its homelands. | 107 | |
| 1825397256 | What did the Court rule in Worcester vs. Georgia? | In 1832, John Marshal ruled that the state of Georgia could not infringe on the tribe's sovereignty, thus nullifying Georgia state laws within Cherokee territory. | 108 | |
| 1825397257 | Explain the Trail of Tears. | By 1838, all the Cherokee had been forcibly removed from the state of Georgia. On this trek, some 4,000 Cherokee died on the way to Oklahoma. | 109 | |
| 1825397258 | What was Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act spurred by? | The continuous European American expansion into tribal homelands. | 110 | |
| 1825397259 | Who was credited for the Second Great Awakening? How did he appeal to his audience? | Charles G. Finney was credited for the Second Great Awakening by appealing to his audience's emotions, rather than their reason. | 111 | |
| 1825397260 | What is one example of new religious converts beliefs in the antebellum social reform movement? | Many believed in perfectionism, or the idea that humankind could reach a level of perfection that resembled the life of Jesus. | 112 | |
| 1825397261 | What organization rose in the mid-1820s whose aim was to encourage drinkers to first limit their intake of alcohol, then eventually take of vow of abstinence. | American Temperance Society. | 113 | |
| 1825397262 | What was the Maine Law of 1851? | It completely prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in that state. Later, other states would pass similar laws. | 114 | |
| 1825397263 | Who crusaded for the improvement of American institutions to care for the nations mentally ill population? | Dorothea Dix. | 115 | |
| 1825397264 | Who founded the American Antislavery Society in 1833 and what was his significance? | William Lloyd Garrison began publishing The Liberator, a newspaper dedicated to ending slavery. The American Antislavery Society was founded to combat the pro-slavery contingent. | 116 | |
| 1825397265 | Why did many abolitionists regard William Lloyd Garrison as a radical? | He accepted the participation of women in his movement. | 117 | |
| 1825397266 | What and why were there two formations who believed in Garrison's radical ideas? | Garrison's insistence on the participation of women led a division among his supporters. The Liberty Party, including women membership, and the Foreign Antislavery Society, which did not accept female participation. | 118 | |
| 1825397267 | What did Frederick Douglass do? | He published The North Star, and argued that fighting for slavery through legal means, rather than violence. He also believed the Constitution could be used as a weapon against slavery. | 119 | |
| 1825397268 | What did Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth do? | They helped enslaved Africans escape bondage through an elaborate network called the Underground Railroad. | 120 | |
| 1825397269 | What was Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831? | It was a massive slave uprising, and resulted in the deaths of over 50 European American men, women, and children. Rebellions like these signaled that slaves could cause massive social problems if freed. | 121 | |
| 1825397270 | What does the "cult of domesticity"? | Since men started working at factories instead of the fields, women's roles were clearly defined as homemakers and mothers. | 122 | |
| 1825397271 | Who organized the meeting of feminists at Seneca Falls, and what did they discuss? | Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony organized a meeting at Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss the plight of women in the U.S. | 123 | |
| 1825397272 | What was the Declaration of Sentiments? | It was drafted by the women at Seneca Falls, which closely modeled after the Declaration of Independence, by declaring that "all men and women are created equal" and demanding universal suffrage. | 124 | |
| 1825397273 | What was Joseph Smith's establishment and who later took over it? | Joseph Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, or the Mormon Church, in 1830. They headed towards Utah, and later Brigham Young took over, after Smith's dead. | 125 | |
| 1825397274 | A romantic spirit swept through America by the writing of transcendentalists. Name two transcendentalists who spoke throughout the country and wrote essays about the state of man, and their significance. | Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. They advocated passive resistance as a form of justifiable protest. It inspired many later social movements. | 126 | |
| 1825397275 | The Shakers, Oneida Commune and Brook Farm, were examples of what? | Utopian experiments. | 127 | |
| 1825397276 | Hudson River School artists portrayed the United States as what? | Naturally beautiful. | 128 | |
| 1825397277 | The Knickerbockers of New York and Nathaniel Hawthorne were all examples of what? | The nationalistic spirit that fueled American authors that developed "American" fiction by using domestic settings and character types for the stories. | 129 | |
| 1825397278 | Antebellum reform movements sought to do what? | They sought to create a "perfect" American society. | 130 | |
| 1825397279 | What tribe of Indians controlled most of the Great Plains by hunting buffalo? | The Sioux Indians. | 131 | |
| 1825397280 | Who were believers in "Manifest Destiny"? | Supporters of John Tyler and James K. Polk. | 132 | |
| 1825397281 | What was the most important issue facing the country during the election fo 1844? | The Oregon Territory. Polk's "Fifty-four forty or fight" was his campaign that won him the election. | 133 | |
| 1825397282 | Who staged a revolt in 1836 in Texas against Mexico which declared Texas a republic independent of Mexico? | Sam Houston. | 134 | |
| 1825397283 | Why were Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitant to annex Texas? | Possible backlash from Northern Democrats that would hurt them politically, because of the uneven number of slave and free states. | 135 | |
| 1825397284 | What was the Wilmot Proviso? | It was a bill proposed by David Wilmot to make an amendment to a bill that would forbid slavery in any new lands acquired by the war with Mexico. | 136 | |
| 1825397285 | What did the US gain from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1847? | The treaty granted California, also known as Bear Flag Republic, and most of the Southwest to the US. We agreed to pay $15 million in war reparations to Mexican government. | 137 | |
| 1825397286 | What Purchase did President Franklin Pierce buy from Mexico, and what controversy did it cause once again? | Gadsden Purchase in 1853, caused the Mesilla Valley the most southernmost region of the US. It sparked the controversy over slavery. | 138 | |
| 1825397287 | What did apologist of the South do? | They used passages from the Bible to justify the institution of slavery, or maintained the "family like" atmosphere slave owners provided were preferable to freedom. | 139 | |
| 1825397288 | What did apologist George Fitzhugh say about the Southern slaves? | He spoke of the happy slaves that were clothed, fed, and housed by slave owners. | 140 | |
| 1825397289 | What new party was introduced in the Election of 1848 that was made up of antislavery advocates? | Free-Soil Party. | 141 | |
| 1825397290 | What was Democrat Lewis Cass's proposal in the Election of 1848? | Popular sovereignty, where citizens of each territory should decide by vote whether or not slavery should be permitted. | 142 | |
| 1825397291 | What caused California to vy for statehood, and what was the result? | The discovery of gold and massive influx of 49ers. California joined the Union as a free state. | 143 | |
| 1825397292 | What was Northern attitude toward the Compromise of 1850? | They gained upper hand with the admission of California. However, they opposed the Fugitive Slave Law and the concept of popular sovereignty. | 144 | |
| 1825397293 | How did Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin affect the North and South? | It caused more Northerners to believe that slavery was morally wrong, while Southerners grew in their conviction to protect it. | 145 | |
| 1825397294 | What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | It added Kansas and Nebraska as states. The territories's slavery determination was made by popular sovereignty, which repealed the Missouri Compromise. | 146 | |
| 1825397295 | Despite being made up of members from various other parties, the Republicans held firm in what belief? | Slavery should not be extended into the territories. | 147 | |
| 1825397296 | How did Bleeding Kansas earn its name? | Pro-slavery Missourians, or border ruffians, settled on the border to vote in the election that would determine slavery. Northern abolitionists then paved a way for antislavery settlers to travel and set up homes for Kansas. Fighting then broke out. | 148 | |
| 1825397297 | Aside from the violence, what was another effect of Bleeding Kansas? | It caused a deeper division within the Democratic Party. | 149 | |
| 1825397298 | How did the Court rule in the case of Dred Scott vs. Sanford? (2 points) | The Court ruled that the 36'60' provision of the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that all African Americans were not citizens, thus making them ineligible to sue in federal court. | 150 | |
| 1825397299 | Who was John Brown, and what was his plans? | John Brown claimed he was following orders from God, and Hoped to arm slaves on the surrounding plantations of Harper's Ferry, Virginia, to overthrow the institution of slavery and establish a free African-American state. | 151 | |
| 1825397300 | What was Stephen A. Douglas's Freeport Doctrine? How was it significant? | It encouraged communities to pass and enforce laws to protect the institution of slavery for it to exist. There was a debate in which Republican Abraham Lincoln was first introduced into the spotlight. | 152 | |
| 1825397301 | Since many Southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln won, what was many Whigs and moderates' solution? | They formed the Constitutional Union Party, hoping to pull enough votes from the Republicans to keep Lincoln from winning the election. | 153 | |
| 1825397302 | What happened only days after Lincoln's election? What was created? | South Carolina seceded from the Union in February of 1861, creating the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as the president. | 154 | |
| 1825397303 | What were the advantages of the South in the Civil War? (5 points) | Only had to fight a defensive war, required fewer troops. High troop morale, well-trained generals, few landlocked regions. | 155 | |
| 1825397304 | What were the disadvantages of the South in the Civil War? (4 points) | Lacked basic resources and equipment, limited transportation, relied on foreign assistance, inflation. | 156 | |
| 1825397305 | What were the advantages of the North in the Civil War? (5 points) | Huge population, emancipated slaves' joined effort, growing economy, controlled banks, railroad, and factories, greenback currency. | 157 | |
| 1825397306 | Explain what the first conscription law in the Civil War. | First federal law to draft young ment to military service in 1863. | 158 | |
| 1825397307 | What was the New York Draft Riots? What was the damage? | Because of the emancipation, Irish Americans in New York were discontent, which helped fuel the Riots. About 500 people were killed. | 159 | |
| 1825397308 | Who were Copperheads? | Northern Democrats who protested against the "unjust war". They did not approve of Lincoln's executive power. | 160 | |
| 1825397309 | Name the first battle of the Civil War and what affect did it have on the North? | In July of 1861, the Confederates won the Battle of Bull Run, Manassas. The North was now awakened to the harsh reality that this was going to be a long and bloody war. | 161 | |
| 1825397310 | What was the North's Anaconda Plan? | It was a four-phase plan, in which the (1) Union Navy would blockade all Southern ports, (2) the Union would split the Confederacy in half by taking control of the Mississippi River, (3) the Union planned to cut through the heart of the South by marching through Georgia, and (4) capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond. | 162 | |
| 1825397311 | Which Confederate general defeat Union troops again at the Second Battle of Bull Run? | Robert E. Lee. | 163 | |
| 1825397312 | Explain the significance of Antietam Creek? | Union forces were able to cut off Lee's Confederates. It was the bloodiest day of the war ensued, more than 22,000 men were killed or wounded. Lee's men were forced to retreat to Virginia. | 164 | |
| 1825397313 | Why was the Battle at Antietam Creek considered a turning point? | It kept Confederates from gaining much-needed foreign assistance from Britain and France. President Lincoln also issued is preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 2, 1862. | 165 | |
| 1825397314 | The Civil War saw a revolution in naval warfare with the launching of what? | Ironclads. | 166 | |
| 1825397315 | List the achievements of Ulysses S. Grant in his control of the Mississippi. | He cut through Kentucky and Tennessee, fighting a bloody battle at Shiloh. In 1863, he controlled New Orleans and almost all of the Mississippi River region. To complete the removal of the Confederates, he launched an attack on Vicksburg, Mississippi. | 167 | |
| 1825397316 | Explain the Battle of Gettysburg's significance. | It was the deadliest and most important battle of the war. It lasted from July 1 to 3, 1863. 53,000 men were killed or wounded. Lee could not recover from the losses at Gettysburg. | 168 | |
| 1825397317 | Why was the Battle of Gettysburg critical? | The Confederates would never again have a victory. | 169 | |
| 1825397318 | What policy did Sherman use in Sherman's March to the sea? | He used the scorched-earth policy, which ordered troops to burn and destroy fields, homes, and cities as they marched through Georgia. | 170 | |
| 1825397319 | When and where did Lee officially surrender? | On April 9, 1865, Lee officially surrendered in the parlor house in Appomattox Court House, Virginia. | 171 | |
| 1825397320 | Who assassinated President Lincoln? | Southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, only days after the Confederate surrender. | 172 | |
| 1825397321 | What is the Emancipation Proclamation? | Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, the proclamation freed Confederate slaves. | 173 | |
| 1825397322 | Why did President Lincoln properly calculate when to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? | He wanted to see when the nation was ready to shift from an "offensive war" to save the Union to a "total war" to rectify a moral wrong. | 174 | |
| 1825397323 | Why was President Lincoln hesitant of freeing the slaves during the Civil War? | He needed support of the Border States. | 175 | |
| 1825397324 | What was the 13th Amendment? | Abolished slavery in the United Sates once and for all. | 176 | |
| 1825397325 | What did Lincoln suspend during the Civil War, which mean that the federal government could hold an individual in jail with no charges levied against him or her. | writ of habeas corpus. | 177 | |
| 1825397326 | What were three important consequences because of the war? | The Homestead Act of 1862, granting family land, the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 gave federal lands for schools, and the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, the building of a transcontinental railroad. | 178 |
