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| 4968659576 | proclamation of 1763 | King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. | 0 | |
| 4968659577 | Pontiac's Rebellion | during the French and Indian War Chief Pontiac gathered up Native American groups and captured British posts, primitive use of biological warfare on blankets, weakened Indian alliance and British won, Indians came to a peace agreement and British took control of the land | 1 | |
| 4968659578 | Stamp Act | proposed tax that everything paper had to have a stamp, tax was to raise revenue and raise money for peace time army, people didn't like it because it was like "taxation without representation" | 2 | |
| 4968659579 | Intolerable Acts | American Patriots' name for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in throwing a large tea shipment into Boston harbor. | 3 | |
| 4968659580 | Sons of Liberty | Boston mob against the Stamp Act that terrorized stamp agents and burned stamps. They event attacked pro-British aristocrats and lieutenant governors. | 4 | |
| 4968659581 | Patrick Henry | Made a dramatic speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in May 1765. "Virginia Resolves" were his resolutions for the colonies on taxes. No taxing unless by the Virginia House. | 5 | |
| 4968659582 | Samuel Adams | Often called the "Penman of the Revolution" He was a Master propagandist and an engineer of rebellion. Though very weak and feeble in appearance, he was a strong politician and leader that was very aware and sensitive to the rights of the colonists. He organized the local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts, starting with Boston in 1772. These committees were designed to oppose British policy forced on the colonists by spreading propaganda | 6 | |
| 4968659583 | John Adams | A Federalist who was Vice President under Washington in 1789, and later became President by three votes in 1796. Known for his quarrel with France, and was involved in the xyz Affair, Quais War, and the Convention of 1800. Later though he was also known for his belated push for peace w/ France in 1800. Regarding his personality he was a "respectful irritation". | 7 | |
| 4968659584 | John Dickson | A man from Pennsylvania that led one end of the extreme at the Second Continental Congress. He led a group of moderates, much like himself, that hoped for a quick reconciliation with Great Britian. | 8 | |
| 4968659585 | John Jay | Chief Justice of the United States; in 1794 George Washington sent him to negotiate a treaty with England | 9 | |
| 4968659586 | Committees of Correspondence | Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret information by way of letters. They were used to sustain opposition to British policy. The committees were extremely effective and a few years later almost every colony had one. This is another example of the colonies breaking away from Europe to become Americans. | 10 | |
| 4968659587 | First Continental Congress(1774) | a convention and a consultative body that met for seven weeks, from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in Philadelphia; it was the American's response to the Intolerable Acts; considered ways of redressing colonial grievances; all colonies except Georgia sent 55 distinguished men in all; John Adams persuaded his colleagues toward revolution; they wrote a Declaration of Rights and appeals to British American colonies, the king, and British people; created the Association which called for a complete boycott of English goods; the Association was the closet thing to a written constitution until the | 11 | |
| 4968659591 | Declaration of Rights and Grievances | Backed by moderate delegates, the Declaration of Rights and Grievances was a petition to the king urging him to redress (make right) colonial grievances and restore colonial rights. In a conciliatory gesture, the document recognized Parliament's authority to regulate commerce. | 12 | |
| 4968659592 | Second Continental Congress (1775) | Soon after the fighting broke out in Massachusetts, delegates to the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775. The congress was divided between one group of delegates, mainly from New England, who thought the colonies should declare their independence, and another group, mainly from the middle colonies, who hoped the conflict could be resolved by negotiating a new relationship with Great Britain. | 13 | |
| 4968659593 | Olive Branch Petition | In July 1775, the delegates voted to send an "Olive Branch Petition" to King George III, in which they pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights | 14 | |
| 4968659594 | Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for taking up Arms | The congress adopted a Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms and called on the colonies to provide troops. George Washington was appointed the commander-in-chief of a new colonial army and sent to Boston to lead the Massachusetts militia and volunteer units from other colonies. Congress also authorized a force under Benedict Arnold to raid Quebec in order to draw Canada away from the British empire. An American navy and marine corps was organized in the fall of 1775 for the purpose of attacking British shipping. | 15 | |
| 4968659595 | Thomas Jefferson | Writer of the Declaration of Independence | 16 | |
| 4968659596 | Declaration of Independence | On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced a resolution declaring the colonies to be independent. Five delegates including Thomas Jefferson formed a committee to write a statement in support of Lee's resolution. The declaration drafted by Jefferson listed specific grievances against George III's government and also expressed the basic principles that justified revolution. The congress adopted Lee's resolution calling for independence on July 2; Jefferson's work, the Declaration of Independence, was adopted on July 4, 1776. | 17 | |
| 4968659597 | George Washington | Moderate from Virginia; delegate at Continental Congress; position of respect in colonial army | 18 | |
| 4968659598 | Land ordinance of 1785 | Congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands. The policy provided for setting aside one section of land in each township for public education. | 19 | |
| 4968659599 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | For the large territory lying between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River, the congress passed an ordinance (law) that set the rules for creating new states. The Northwest Ordinance granted limited self-government to the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region. | 20 | |
| 4968659600 | Paul Revere & William Dawes | On April 18, 1775, General Thomas Gage, the commander of British troops in Boston, sent a large force to seize colonial military supplies in the town of Concord. Warned of the British march by two riders, Paul Revere and William Dawes, the militia (or Minutemen) of Lexington assembled on the village green to face the British. The Americans were forced to retreat under heavy British fire; eight of their number were killed in the brief encounter | 21 | |
| 4968659601 | Lexington and Concord | the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775) | 22 | |
| 4968659602 | Battle of Bunker Hill | Costly British "victory" in 1775 over Colonial forces at a site near Charleston, Massachusetts, first major battle of the revolution | 23 | |
| 4968659603 | Battle of Saratoga | The battle which was the turning point of the Revolution because after the colonists won this major victory, the French decided to support us with money, troops, ships, etc. | 24 | |
| 4968659604 | Articles of Confederation | John Dickinson drafted the first constitution for theUS as a nation. Congress modified Dickinson's plan to protect the powers of the individual states. The document was adopted by Congress in 1777 and submitted to the states for ratification, which was delayed by a dispute over the wilderness extending westward beyond the Alleghenies. Seaboard states like Rhode Island and Maryland insisted that such lands be placed under the jurisdiction of the new central government. When Virginia and NY finally gave up their claims to the lands, the Articles was at last ratified. | 25 | |
| 4968659605 | Unicameral Legislature | a central government that consisted of just one body, a congress. In this unicameral (one-house) legislature, each state was given 1 vote, with at least 9 votes out of 13 required to pass laws. To amend the Articles, a unanimous vote was required. A Committee of States, with 1 representative from each state, could make minor decisions when the full congress was not in session. The Articles gave the congress the power to wage war, make treaties and borrow money. But the Congress did not have the power to regulate commerce, collect taxes or enforce its own laws. | 26 | |
| 4968659608 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | Treaty which stated that: 1. Britain would recognize the existence of the US 2. The Mississippi River would be the western border of the US 3. Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada 4. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war | 27 | |
| 4968659609 | John Locke | believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property; stated the government is "created by the people for the people" | 28 | |
| 4968659610 | Adam smith | a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. Influenced Articles and known as the father of modern economics. | 29 | |
| 4968659611 | Common sense | The pamphlet, written by Thomas Paine, a recent English immigrant to the colonies, argued strongly for what until then had been considered a radical idea. Paine's essay argued in clear and forceful language for the colonies becoming independent states and breaking all political ties with the British monarchy. Paine argued that it was contrary to common sense for a large continent to be ruled by a small and distant island and for people to pledge allegiance to a king whose government was corrupt and whose laws were unreasonable. | 30 | |
| 4968659612 | Patriots | Soldiers who would serve in local militia units for short periods, leave to work their farms, and then return to duty. Initially, George Washington rejected the idea of African Americans serving in their army. But when the British promised freedom to slaves who joined their side, Washington and the congress quickly made the same offer. Approximately 5,000 African Americans fought as Patriots. | 31 | |
| 4968659613 | Loyalist | Those who maintained their allegiance to the king were also called Tories (after the majority party in Parliament). Almost 60,000 American Tories fought and died next to British soldiers | 32 | |
| 4968659614 | Minute men | Another word for the colonial militia | 33 | |
| 4968659615 | Continentals | The paper money issued by Congress, that became almost worthless | 34 | |
| 4968659616 | Valley forge | The first three years of the war, 1775 to 1777, went badly for Washington's poorly trained and equipped revolutionary army. It barely escaped complete disaster in a battle for New York City in 1776, in which Washington's forces were routed by the British. By the end of 1777, the British occupied both New York and Philadelphia. After losing Philadelphia, Washington's demoralized troops suffered through the severe winter of 1777-1778 camped at Valley Forge in Pennsylvania | 35 | |
| 4968659617 | abigail adams | Despite their contributions, women remained in a second-class status. Unanswered went pleas such of those of Abigail Adams to her husband, John Adams: "I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors." | 36 | |
| 4968659618 | Deborah Sampson | She passed as a man and served as a soldier for a year. | 37 | |
| 4968659619 | Mary McCauley | nicknamed "Molly Pitcher" because she carried water to the soldiers during the Revolutionary war amidst the fighting | 38 | |
| 4968659620 | Federalist/Anti federalist | The Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the Constitution. They argue that It gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments, and there was no Bill of Rights. Federalists wanted the opposite: a strong central gov't. | 39 | |
| 4968659621 | Proclamation of Neutrality | a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict | 40 | |
| 4968659622 | Shays Rebellion | rebels in an armed uprising (Shays' Rebellion) in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787. They were angered by what they felt to be crushing debt and taxes. | 41 | |
| 4968659623 | Jay's Treaty | Treaty negotiated by John Jay in 1794 establishing American sovereignty over the entire Northwest and producing a satisfactory commercial relationship with Britain. | 42 | |
| 4968659624 | Pinckney's Treaty | The treaty between America and Spain in 1795 which granted America practically all they demanded, including navigation of the Mississippian the territory north of Florida. Was a direct result of Jay's Treaty due to France's fear of an Anglo-American alliance. | 43 | |
| 4968659625 | Alien & Sedition Acts | Collective name given to four acts passed by Congress in 1798 that curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States. It also sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies. | 44 | |
| 4968659626 | Republican Mother hood | the concept related to women's roles as mothers in the emerging United States before and after the American Revolution. It centered on the belief that children should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism, making them the perfect citizens of the new nation. | 45 | |
| 4968659627 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | These documents drafted by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the U.S. Constitution. These resolutions affirmed the principle of states' rights | 46 |
