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| 4953276953 | Natural law (rights) | life, liberty, and property | 0 | |
| 4953288403 | John Locke | 17th century English philosopher who wrote about a state of nature (no government) and natural rights (life, liberty, and property) | 1 | |
| 4953318066 | Social Contract | consent of the people to live under a government which will protect their rights (life, liberty, and property) | 2 | |
| 4953335703 | Montesquieu | French aristocrat who visited England in the late 17th century. He supported a legislative assembly of aristocrats to control the king's absolutism. Also, he wanted government to utilize the talents of its people | 3 | |
| 4953342586 | Rousseau | 18th century philosopher who believed that government should be for the people. He believed that society corrupted human beings, who were naturally good and freedom loving | 4 | |
| 4953363125 | Voltaire | 17th century French writer who traveled to England and was a critic of the clergy's power. He was a fierce supporter of new science, constitutional monarchies, and religious toleration | 5 | |
| 4977825190 | Thomas Hobbes | 17th century English philosopher who believed that people had a desire for power and that mankind was corrupt. He believed that society should give itself up entirely to the will of the ruler for safety and security | 6 | |
| 4977854568 | Navigation Acts | laws meant to bring gold and silver into the Royal Treasury, to develop the imperial merchant fleet, to channel the flow of colonial raw materials into England, and to keep foreign goods and vessels out of colonial ports | 7 | |
| 4977865704 | Salutary Neglect | an idea invented by British Prime Minister Robert Walpole, where British authorities would ignore American violations of the Navigation Acts | 8 | |
| 4977879376 | Mercantilism | a set of policies developed by British officials to obtain raw goods from the colonies. These policies put a tariff on foreign goods and subsidized local industries | 9 | |
| 4977889079 | French and Indian War | the French and Native Americans fight against the English for trade control and colonial land, ending with the cession of Canada to Great Britain; the Seven Years' War (in Europe) | 10 | |
| 4977921917 | Ohio River Valley | a critical trade point over which the French and Indian War started | 11 | |
| 4977945552 | William Pitt | British leader of the French and Indian War war effort, he used the British army, navy, and treasury heavily, ending in victory | 12 | |
| 4977962859 | Fort Duquesne | French fort that fortified the strategic junction in Ohio that Washington was supposed to capture | 13 | |
| 4977976088 | Fort Necessity | defensive position set up by Washington against Fort Duquesne | 14 | |
| 4977986790 | 1763 Treaty of Paris | peace treaty that ended the French and Indian War, resulting in the British gaining Canada and East and West Florida | 15 | |
| 4996443279 | Pontiac's Rebellion | an Ottawa chief's attempt in 1764 to lead an Indian coalition to drive the whites back across the mountains | 16 | |
| 4996443280 | George Grenville | British prime minister who got Parliament to pass the Sugar Act in 1764 and the Stamp Act in 1765 | 17 | |
| 4996444720 | Proclamation Line of 1763 | agreement that put troops on the Appalachian divide to prevent everyone except licensed traders from crossing; it banned the purchase of Indian land; it also created three new British colonies, Quebec, East Florida, and West Florida, but they were not permitted to establish assemblies | 18 | |
| 4996446239 | Sugar Act | law passed in 1764 that placed tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines, and other goods; it also demanded better enforcement of current trade laws | 19 | |
| 4996446240 | Vice Admiralty Courts | special courts led by British naval officers meant to try anyone who violated British trade laws; Americans hated them because they were not given certain rights (such as a jury trial) because they were colonists | 20 | |
| 4996447755 | No Taxation without Representation | American rallying cry invented by James Otis that demanded representation in Parliament before taxation | 21 | |
| 4996447756 | James Otis | inventor of the phrase "no taxation without representation" | 22 | |
| 4996449222 | Virtual Representation | the idea that Parliament represents the entire Empire | 23 | |
| 4997583502 | Stamp Act | English tax on all kinds of printed material passed in 1765 | 24 | |
| 4997589541 | Stamp Act Congress | a meeting in New York City consisting of delegates from most of the colonial assemblies to protest the Stamp Act | 25 | |
| 4997592431 | Sons of Liberty | the irregular organization that engaged in rioting, looting, and vandalizing to protest the Stamp Act | 26 | |
| 4997596399 | Quartering Act | 1766 English law that required colonial legislatures to house and feed British soldiers | 27 | |
| 4997599666 | nonimportation agreement | a pledge by American merchants to boycott British goods | 28 | |
| 4997601922 | Declaratory Act | 1766 English law that stated that the colonies were subordinated and that Parliament had the right to enact any law it wished | 29 | |
| 4997605926 | Charles Townshend | British chancellor of the exchequer who introduced the Townshend Duties | 30 | |
| 4997606914 | Townshend Duties | tariffs on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea introduced by Charles Townshend | 31 | |
| 4997613773 | Circular Letter | 1768 letter written by the Stamp Act Congress that expressed their opposition towards the Townshend Acts | 32 | |
| 5000207953 | John Dickinson | Philadelphia lawyer who wrote "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies"; he was a loyal British subject, but he believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies | 33 | |
| 5000214531 | Boston Massacre | On March 5, 1770, a crowd in Boston began throwing rocks at a company of Redcoats, and the Redcoats fired back | 34 | |
| 5000217370 | Committees of Correspondence | Groups of radicals forming after 1772, pledging joint action with each other in case of trouble; first ever colony-wide resistance movements | 35 | |
| 5018621031 | British East India Company | Under the Tea Act, this company was allowed to trade directly with the colonies instead of through a British wholesaler but made the company a monopoly. The company was responsible for all trade between India and the rest of the English Empire. It had difficulties in America because of the colonists' hate towards British tea taxes and towards British monopolies and because of (illegal) competition from the Dutch | 36 | |
| 5018621032 | Boston Tea Party | event that occured on December 16, when a band of colonists disguised as Indians dumped chests of tea from the Dartmouth into the harbor | 37 | |
| 5018623000 | Intolerable Acts | a series of laws designed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party; Coercive Acts | 38 | |
| 5018623001 | First Continental Congress | 1774 assembly that wrote a list of grievances from 1763, proposed to take up arms to defend their rights, and organized a "Continental Association" to boycott British goods and to stop all exports to the empire | 39 | |
| 5018625846 | Lexington & Concord | first battles of the American Revolution, which occurred when the British attempted to seize arms from the Patriots; "the shot heard round the world" | 40 | |
| 5018628213 | Second Continental Congress | 1775 assembly that created the Continental Army and appointed George Washington commander-in-chief. After the Battle of Bunker Hill, it adopted the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, which condemned everything the British had done since 1763, ordered an attack on Canada, created committees to find aid and weapons abroad, and authorized the creation of a navy under Esek Hopkins | 41 | |
| 5018628214 | Continental Army | colonial army commanded by George Washington | 42 | |
| 5018631220 | Battle of Bunker Hill | first major battle of the American Revolution where Americans defended Breed's Hill from three waves of British assaults but lost due to lack of ammunition | 43 | |
| 5018633310 | Olive Branch Petition | The Second Continental Congress' last plea for peace with the British | 44 | |
| 5018639473 | Gaspee Affair | in 1772, some colonists burned the British patrol boat Gaspee, which was trying to catch a smuggler. When the British tried to prosecute the culprits, nobody testified against them | 45 | |
| 5018661420 | Writs of Assistance | type of "warrants" that gave custom officials free reign so search someone's property | 46 | |
| 5018668655 | homespun | refers to the type of clothes that the Daughters of Liberty made at home after the second nonimportation movement | 47 | |
| 5063642595 | Tories (Loyalists) | colonists who refused to fight Britain | 48 | |
| 5063649437 | George III | king of England | 49 | |
| 5063649438 | Patrick Henry | said that the Burgesses possessed "the only and sole right and power to lay taxes" | 50 | |
| 5063650967 | Sam Adams | political agitator who believed that Parliament had no right to legislate the colonies | 51 | |
| 5063650968 | John Hancock | president of the Second Continental Congress | 52 | |
| 5063650969 | John Adams | lawyer who defended the Boston Massacre Redcoats; he believed that Parliament had no inherent right to control colonial trade | 53 | |
| 5063651984 | Quebec Act | 1774 law that gave the Ohio River Valley to Quebec, the land that the colonists fought the French and Indian War for | 54 | |
| 5063651985 | Paul Revere | horseman who warned the colonists "the regulars are coming" | 55 | |
| 5063653215 | Prohibitory Act | 1775 act that declared that the colonies were in a state of rebellion | 56 | |
| 5063653216 | Thomas Paine | author of Common Sense, a book that called for independence in simplistic language | 57 | |
| 5063653217 | Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence | 58 | |
| 5063654661 | Declaration of Independence | document that declared the colonies to be independent from England | 59 | |
| 5063658055 | Fort Ticonderoga | major fortress crucial to controlling travel between Canada and New York | 60 | |
| 5063668375 | Battle of Trenton | Washington crosses the Delaware River on Christmas night and beats the surprised Hessians | 61 | |
| 5063670566 | Campaign of 1777 | failed British campaign to destroy the Continental Army by surrounding them with three British armies | 62 | |
| 5063670567 | George Washington | leader of the Continental Army | 63 | |
| 5063670568 | Benedict Arnold | Along with Horatio Gates, he defeated General Burgoyne at Saratoga | 64 | |
| 5063672169 | Ben Franklin | American inventor and diplomat; creator of the Albany Plan; delegate of both Continental Congresses | 65 | |
| 5063672170 | William Howe | British general who took New York City; in the Campaign of 1777, he was responsible for leading an army north up the Hudson | 66 | |
| 5063673145 | Horatio Gates | along with Benedict Arnold, he defeated General Burgoyne at Saratoga; leader of southern Continental Army but was replaced by Nathanael Greene after making a blunder | 67 | |
| 5063677336 | John Burgoyne | British general in the Campaign of 1777 who was in charge of leading an army from Canada | 68 | |
| 5068842719 | Richard Henry Lee | On June 7, he introduced a resolution that said, "That these United Colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent States..." | 69 | |
| 5079321580 | Nathanael Greene | leader of the southern Continental Army; he replaced Horatio Gates | 70 | |
| 5079420077 | Nathan Hale | spy who worked for Washington; "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country" | 71 | |
| 5079477033 | Cornwallis | British general who fought in the South | 72 | |
| 5079477034 | Comte de Rochambeau | commander of the French land forces | 73 | |
| 5079516266 | Yorktown | final battle of the American Revolution | 74 | |
| 5079718714 | Southern Campaign | after the British replace General Howe with General Clinton as their commander, Clinton decides to fight in the South because their navy could be better used there, there were many Tories there, and the slaves might have helped | 75 | |
| 5079739311 | Valley Forge | resting place for the Americans from December 1777 to June 1778; winter encampment outside of Philadelphia; soldiers here suffered from no food, disease, and freezing temperatures | 76 | |
| 5079743007 | Marquis de Lafayette | French aristocrat who fought for Washington; he embraced Washington as mentor and did not live in the officer's tent | 77 | |
| 5091980113 | Articles of Confederation | placed the coercive powers to tax and regulate trade within the individual state governments, created a weak central government | 78 | |
| 5104820806 | nationalism | an affinity for a particular nation | 79 | |
| 5104829319 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | demanded that Western Territories be surveyed in six-mile-square townships before sale | 80 | |
| 5104831601 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | established governments for the West | 81 | |
| 5104837711 | Robert Morris | Superintendent of Finance | 82 | |
| 5104844957 | 1783 Treaty of Paris | treaty that ended the Revolutionary War | 83 | |
| 5104847694 | Abigail Adams | "remember the ladies" | 84 | |
| 5104857511 | Newburgh Conspiracy | idea that stated that the army would overthrow the Continental Congress and establish Washington as king | 85 | |
| 5104864139 | Baron von Steuban | Prussian general who trained the American army | 86 | |
| 5104878493 | Battle of New York | fight for New York City against General Howe; one of Washington's first battles of the war, where he often put his troops in positions vulnerable to the British Navy | 87 | |
| 5104878494 | Boston (1775-1776) | area where Revolutionary War began; Battle of Bunker Hill | 88 | |
| 5104881564 | Military Advantages (both sides) | Britain - more money and weapons, large and well-trained army and navy, and industry to produce more weapons America - troops had something to fight for, knew the land, and had the backing of France and Spain | 89 |
