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| 5302873044 | John Deere | 1837 - produced a steel plow that broke the virgin soil of the West; sharp, effective, and light enough to be pulled by horses rather than oxen. | 0 | |
| 5302873045 | Sam Slater & Slater's Mill | 1791 - Rhode Island; "Father of the Factory System", British mechanic who memorized the plans for a textile machine in England and escaped to America. The first textile mill was on Blackstone River. | 1 | |
| 5302873046 | Eli Whitney | 1793 - Invented the cotton gin, 50x more efficient than the hand picking process. Made the raising of cotton profitable. South produced the cotton which was then used by the North. Reinvigorated the need for slaves again. | 2 | |
| 5302873047 | Cyrus McCormick | 1830's - Contributed a horse-drawn mechanical power-reaper. Was the " cotton gin to the Western farmers." Reduced the need from 5 men to 1 man; Plow men scrambled to plant more fields of wheat. | 3 | |
| 5302873048 | Erie Canal | 1817-1825 - Dug by New-Yorkers led by Governor Dewitt Clinton, without federal aid. Linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River. "Clinton's Big Ditch" stretched 363 miles. Reduced the cost and time of shipping; values of nearby land skyrocketed. New cities emerged. | 4 | |
| 5302873049 | Lowell, Massachusetts | "Showplace Factory" of the Boston Associates. Workers were primarily New England farm girls supervised both on and off the job. Stayed in company boardinghouses and were escorted regularly to church. Forbidden to form unions. Worked six days a week, 12-13 hour days, received low wages, and dealt with grueling work conditions. | 5 | |
| 5302873050 | "Cult of Domesticity" | Described the role of women, seen as fragile beings, that should do housework and other domestic activities. Women were guardians of hearth and home. Domestic feminism described the increasing power of women in the home. Smaller families became a woman's choice. | 6 | |
| 5302873051 | Seneca Falls Convention & Declaration of Sentiments (DoS) | 1848 - Seneca Falls, NY. Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a DoS which in the spirit of the DoI declared that "all men and women are created equal." One resolution formally demanded women's suffrage. Launched the modern women's rights movement. | 7 | |
| 5302873052 | 2nd Great Awakening | Larger than the first but almost a hundered years later. Countless converted; shattered and reorganized churches; numerous sects, "camp meetings." Methodists and Baptists reaped the most; stressed personal conversion. | 8 | |
| 5302873053 | Charles Grandison Finney | The greatest preacher of the 2nd Great Awakening. Trained as a lawyer but became a minister. 1830 and 1831, led massive revivals in NY. Denounced alcohol and slavery. President of Oberlin College. | 9 | |
| 5302873054 | Transcendetalist Movement | 1830's - Believed that truth "transcends" the senses and that every person possesses an inner light that can put him or her in direct touch with God or the "oversoul". Individualistic, nature-based, intuitive. Examples: Ralph Waldo Emerson, David Thoreau, Whitman | 10 | |
| 5302873055 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | Best known transcendentalist from Boston. Trained as a unitarian minister. Outspoken critic of slavery. | 11 | |
| 5302873056 | Dartmouth College vs. Woodward | 1819 - The college had been granted a charter by King Henry III in 1769, but NH saw fit to change it. Marshall ruled that the original charter must stand. Safeguarded business enterprise by sanctifying contracts. | 12 | |
| 5302873057 | McCulloch vs. ML | 1819 - ML attempted to destroy a branch of the Bank of the US by imposing a tax on its notes. John Marshall ruled against ML: "The power to tax is the power to destroy" which strengthened Federal authority. | 13 | |
| 5302873058 | Gibbons vs. Ogden | 1824 - "Steamboat Case." NY attempted to monopolize waterborne commerce between NY and NJ; Marshall reminded the state that the Constitution conferred on Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. A blow to states' Rights. | 14 | |
| 5302873059 | Marbury vs. Madison | 1803 - The principle of judicial review - the ability of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional - is established. | 15 | |
| 5302873060 | LA Purchase | 1803 - Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy New Orleans and as much land to the east as they could, for a maximum of $10 million. If this failed, they were to seek an alliance with Britain. Napoleon decided to sell all of LA. Treaties were signed on Apr. 30, 1803: France ceded LA to the US for $15 million, which doubled the size of the US. | 16 | |
| 5302873061 | Embargo Act | Jefferson orders complete cessation of foreign trade in response to British attacks on our shipping. Disaster! Replaced with the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809 - substitute for the Embargo Act; formally reopened trade with all nations of the world except Britain and France. | 17 | |
| 5302873062 | Hartford Convention & Death of the Federalists | Convention in Hartford, CT called for by Mass. when the capture of New Orleans seemed imminent; demanded financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade; proposed constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states could be admitted or war was declared; one term presidency; no consecutive presidents from the same states. Disgraced with the Treaty of Ghent. | 18 | |
| 5302873063 | Era of Good Feelings | One party (Democratic Republicans) presided over by James Monroe. He was greeted warmly everywhere, even in New England. | 19 | |
| 5302873064 | Missouri Compromise | 1820 - Congress agreed to admit MO as a slave state, Maine as a separate free state and prohibited slavery in the remainder of the LA Purchase north of 36°30'. | 20 | |
| 5302873065 | Monroe Doctrine | 1823 - James Monroe's warning to Eu. powers in his annual message to Congress on Dec. 2, 1823: called for non-colonization and nonintervention by Eu. powers in the Western Hemisphere. Questionable legality. | 21 | |
| 5302873066 | Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 (Transcontinental Treaty) | Spain ceded FL and its claim to OR in exchange for the US ceding its claim to TX (soon to become part of independent Mexico). | 22 | |
| 5302873067 | Treaty of 1818 | Negotiated by the Monroe administration with Britain: permitted Americans to share the coveted Newfoundland fisheries with their Canadian cousin; fixed the vague northern limits of LA along the 49th parallel from the Lake of the Woods (in Minnesota) to the Rocky Mountains; provided for a 10 year joint occupation of the OR Country without surrender from either side. | 23 | |
| 5302873068 | Cherokees of Georgia | Considered one of the five "civilized" tribes. Made remarkable efforts to learn White ways: were slaveholders; adopted the system of settled culture and private property; the Indian Sequoyah devised a Cherokee alphabet. In 1808, the Cherokee National Council legislated a written code; 1827, adopted a written constitution for executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. | 24 | |
| 5302873069 | Indian Removal Act of 1830 | Provided for the transplanting of all Indian tribes then residents east of the Mississippi. Primarily affected the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctaw, and Seminole). | 25 | |
| 5302873070 | Trail of Tears | Refers specifically to the removal of the Cherokee Indians, even after their attempts to adapt to American culture and their successful Supreme Court case against GA. US Army forcibly removed 15,000 Cherokee from SE US and marched them to Indian Territory (OK). ~4,000 died on the 116-day journey. | 26 | |
| 5302873071 | Tariff of 1828 and Nullification | "Black Tariff""Tariff of Abominations" Very high tariff to protect manufacturing. People of the South were heavy consumers of manufactured goods, but did little manufacturing themselves, so they hated the tariff. Joh Calhoun of SC led the protesting and in 1828 published "The South Carolina Exposition", which proposed that states nullify the tariff. Jackson threatened them with force. | 27 | |
| 5302873072 | Whigs | New national party that formed from various groups who did not like "KJing Andrew" Jackson in the late 1820's. Highly nationalistic. Leaders were Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. They had a lot in common with the Federalists; they supported a strong central government, national bank, etc. Associated with Clay's American System. | 28 | |
| 5302873073 | The American System | 1824 - Heightened nationalism. Planned program of Henry Clay and the Whig Party. It had three parts to develop a profitable home market: a strong central banking system to provide easy and abundant credit; a protective tariff so that Eastern manufacturing would flourish; and a network of roads and canals, especially in the OH Valley, to increase the flow of food stuffs and raw materials. | 29 | |
| 5302873074 | Bank of the US | The principal depository of government funds and controller of much of its gold and silver. "Bank War" began when Henry Clay presented the early renewal of its charter to Congress, expecting Jackson to veto it and lose the election. Jackson deemed the Bank unconstitutional and the general public agreed with his veto. Burn, Clay! | 30 | |
| 5302873075 | Recognition of Texas | TX was recognized by the US as "The Lone Star Republic" in 1837. TX officially petitioned for annexation in 1837 but was not initially admitted as a state because it would have heightened the slavery issue. | 31 |
