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| 11461792303 | Free Soil Party | This was a minor but influential party that emerged in 1848. It followed the ideas of the Wilmot Proviso which banned slavery. This party wanted to ban slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico. | 0 | |
| 11461792304 | American Party | This party was another name for the Know-Nothing party and had ideas that opposed immigration and current immigrants in the United States. It was short-lived and only lasted for a year starting in 1855. | 1 | |
| 11461792305 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | This book was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and demonstrated the cruelty of slavery and swayed many Northerners against it. This book was copied thousands of times and the Northerners rallied behind it. It debated slavery, the Fugitive Slave Laws, and racism. | 2 | |
| 11461792306 | Compromise of 1850 | This was a compromise to end the debates about the Mexican Cession. It added California as a free state, allowed for popular sovereignty in the Utah and New Mexico territories, banned slave trade in the District of Columbia, and remade the Fugitive Slave Laws. This was an obvious win for the North. It was the last compromise made by Henry Clay. It went against the Missouri Compromise by allowing the possibility of a slave state above the 36' 30' line. | 3 | |
| 11461792307 | Fugitive Slave Act | These laws were part of the Compromise of 1850. Part of this compelled citizens to assist in the capturing of slaves which angered many Northerners. If the citizen did not agree to help arrest the slave, they would be fined $1000 and be sentenced to six months in jail. It also denied slaves the right to a trial. This infuriated many Northerners because it made them arrest slaves even though many people did not want to. | 4 | |
| 11461792308 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | This bill was proposed by Stephen Douglas and passed in 1854. It allowed popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska, a clear violation of the Missouri Compromise. This angered many Northerners and people from both regions began to flock to these regions to influence its position on slavery. The Republican Party also formed out of denial for this act. | 5 | |
| 11461792309 | Scott v. Sandford | When a slave master moved to a free state with his slave, the slave thought he would be free. He took this case to the Supreme Court. Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that he could not sue in courts because he was property, not a citizen, thus ending the case in the favor of the slave owner. The court then went further and denied the right of the federal government to end slavery in territories, only the territory could decide that for itself. The court went even further and declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional because of this. This angered many Northerners and deepened the sectional divide. | 6 | |
| 11461792310 | Bleeding Kansas | This was a massacre where John Brown murdered Southerners in Kansas in their sleep. This happened because the Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed popular sovereignty and many people came to Kansas from the North and the South. These people erupted in violence against each other because of their differing beliefs on slavery. | 7 | |
| 11461792311 | Harper's Ferry | John Brown (from Bleeding Kansas) was funded by abolitionists in the North to go down to Harper's Ferry, (West) Virginia and start a slave revolt. He took hold of a federal arsenal and started killing people. This was relatively unsuccessful because many slaves did not know it was going on, and therefore did not participate. Southerners were outraged and called on the North to punish him. Moderate Northerners did not condone his actions and thought he went a little too far. Radicals in the North applauded him and cheered. | 8 | |
| 11461792312 | Homestead Act | This was signed into law in 1862. It allowed any American, including freed slaves, to move to the West and claim 160 free acres of land. This passed now because the Southern states opposed it and they were not in Congress to vote the Northern states down. The South opposed it because they knew that a large population would move there and there would be more free states. | 9 | |
| 11461792313 | Tenure of Office Act | This forbade the President to remove civil officers without the consent of the Senate. It passed in 1867. Congress passed this because they did not like Johnson's leniency on the South and wanted to have strict military enforcements in the military districts. | 10 | |
| 11461792314 | Transcontinental Railroad | Two railroad companies, the Central Pacific and Union Pacific, strived to connect the United States from east to west. They connected San Francisco to Omaha. | 11 | |
| 11461792315 | Black Codes | These were instituted by many Southern states who wanted to reinforce white supremacy over freed slaves. They maintained a cheap labor force in the South and made them inferior. | 12 | |
| 11461792316 | Lincoln's 10% Plan | This was proclaimed in 1863. It allowed all Southerners to get their property back except for high Confederate officials. It allowed a new state government to be formed when 10% of the population of that state took an oath of allegiance to the Union. States who joined were encouraged to make laws regarding freed slaves as long as they did not take away their liberty. | 13 | |
| 11461792317 | Wade-Davis Bill | This was the Congress' belief regarding the punishment of the South. It appointed military governors to each of the seceded states. A majority of the state population had to take the oath of allegiance. It took away voting rights to all people who voluntarily fought for the Confederate army. It also required each state to abolish slavery. | 14 | |
| 11461792318 | Freedmen's Bureau | This was established in 1865 by Congress to aid freed slaves in poor whites. The Freedmen's Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. It also attempted to settle former slaves on Confederate lands confiscated or abandoned during the war. | 15 | |
| 11461792319 | 13th Amendment | This amendment abolished slavery in all parts of the country. States that seceded from the Union were required to pass this law when they were readmitted. | 16 | |
| 11461792320 | 14th Amendment | This amendment allowed African-Americans to become citizens. It guaranteed them rights and privileges. | 17 | |
| 11461792321 | 15th Amendment | This amendment gave African-Americans the right to vote. This angered some Southerners who had fought in the war because the blacks were allowed to vote but some of them were not. | 18 | |
| 11461792322 | Civil Rights Act of 1866 | This act granted citizenship and rights to all males, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. | 19 | |
| 11461792323 | Scalawags | These were Southerners who supported the Republican Party. They supported this party because they knew that they could not resist the changes during reconstruction, so they might as well embrace them. | 20 | |
| 11461792324 | Carpetbaggers | These were Northerners who moved to the South for economic gain. The South thought they moved here to exploit the misfortune of the South and did not like them. | 21 | |
| 11461792325 | Jim Crow Laws | These were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South. These lasted until the 1960's. | 22 | |
| 11461792326 | Election of 1876 | Tilden won the popular vote and won the electoral vote. He won by 19 electoral votes but there were still 20 uncounted ones. This is the most disputed election in American history. Hayes ended up winning because of the Compromise of 1877. | 23 | |
| 11461792327 | Compromise of 1877 | This compromise was struck between the Republican and Democrat parties. The Republican candidate would win the election of 1876 even though he did not win the popular or electoral vote. The Republican party in turn offered to remove all federal troops from Southern states. | 24 |
