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| 6208380976 | Jane Addams | A pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. She created the first Hull House. Co-winner of 1931 Nobel Peace Prize. | 0 | |
| 6208404849 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743) | 1 | |
| 6208381004 | American Federation of Labor (AFL) | An organization of various trade unions that fought for specific reforms Wanted better wages, fewer hours, better working conditions Founded by Samuel Gompers | 2 | |
| 6208418713 | Boxer rebellion | Rebellion in China against foreigners that occurred soon after the "Open Door" notes. Caused by foreign (American and European) "spheres of influence" within the Chinese empire. Led to no formal division of China and the world powers accepted compensation from the Chinese for damages instead. | 3 | |
| 6208381022 | Andrew Carnegie | A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. Great philanthropist | 4 | |
| 6208381008 | Chinese Exclusion Act | First law limiting immigration based on race; effectively stopped immigration from China through the end of WWII. | 5 | |
| 6208436058 | Kate Chopin | Born in St. Louis, husband died, and mothered 8 kids. Became a writer and one of the early Women's Rights activists. Church did not like her, especially because of her story "The Awakening", which told of a women who felt so oppressed marriage she would rather commit suicide | 6 | |
| 6208453621 | Jacob Coxey | businessman who wanted to put jobless to work building roads and wanted a Coxey Good Roads Bill to authorize $500 million paper printed money to finance road construction; led march to Washington from Massillon, Ohio; drew nation's attention on Easter 1894; made it to capitol steps when beat, arrested, jailed by police; reaction to Panic of 1893 | 7 | |
| 6208459030 | Stephen Crane | Wrote Red Badge of Courage; American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, raised in NY and NJ; style and technique: naturalism, realism, impressionism; themes: ideals v. realities, spiritual crisis, fears | 8 | |
| 6208380997 | Dawes Act | 1887 act. land given to individual Indians to. discourage tribal mindset. encouraged Indians to farm for a living instead of communally owning land | 9 | |
| 6208479486 | Eugene V. Debs | founder and president of American Railway Union. served several months in prison for initiating the Pullman Strike (boycott that disrupted railroad traffic in the Midwest) became one of the leading socialists of America, running as the presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of US for five elections 1900-1920 | 10 | |
| 6208491265 | Theodore Dreiser | Author from Indiana of the book Sister Carrie in 1900. The main character was Carrie Meeber who escapes from rural boredom to Chicago. The sight of the city's dazzling lights and department stores awaken her yearning for a richer, more elegant way of life. She was opened to a new way of life that she couldn't have imagined in the countryside. She completely disregards the moral standards of the day. His book was even put out of circulation for a while but came back a classic. | 11 | |
| 6208495112 | Samuel Gompers | Is responsible for the formation of one of the first labor unions. The American Federation of Labor worked on getting people better hours and better wages. The formation of this triggered the formation of various others that would come later. | 12 | |
| 6208380975 | Gospel of Wealth | An essay written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. Promoted the idea of philanthropy | 13 | |
| 6208507563 | half-breeds | During the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-81, a moderate Republican party faction led by Senator James G. Blaine that favored some reforms of the civil service system and a restrained policy toward the defeated South. | 14 | |
| 6208510316 | Alice Hamilton | A physician who exposed many dangerous substances such as lead, ceramic dust, and chemical waste which were making many people unhealthy | 15 | |
| 6208381003 | Haymarket Riot | 1886 Labor dispute in Chicago that ended with a bomb being thrown at police resulting in many deaths. Led to an unfavorable public opinion of organized labor especially the Knights of Labor | 16 | |
| 6208519526 | Homestead Act | Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects | 17 | |
| 6208529295 | Homestead Strike | It was one of the most violent strikes in U.S. history. It was against the Homestead Steel Works, which was part of the Carnegie Steel Company, in Pennsylvania in retaliation against wage cuts. The riot was ultimately put down by Pinkerton Police and the state militia, and the violence further damaged the image of unions. | 18 | |
| 6208531221 | Interstate Commerce Act | An act that created an organization aimed to make sure that the railroads were charging farmers reasonable prices and not favoring certain shippers. It prohibited rebates and pools and outlawed discrimination in rates. It wasn't widely enforced | 19 | |
| 6208533652 | Chief Joseph | Tribal chief of the Nez Pearce tribe. he fought to preserve his homeland and did much to awaken the conscience of America to the plight of Native Americans. persuaded followers to flee from expected retribution after several young Indians killed four white settlers. Joseph moved with 200 warriors and 340 women, children, and elderly people in an attempt to reach the Canadian border. They were pursued by 4 columns of American soldiers, and covered 1,321 miles in 75 days before being caught. | 20 | |
| 6208381002 | Knights of Labor | One of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century. Founded by seven Philadelphia tailors in 1869 and led by Uriah S. Stephens, its ideology may be described as producerist, demanding an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories. Leaderships under Powderly, successful with Southwest Railroad System, failed after Haymarket Riot | 21 | |
| 6208562167 | Laissez-faire | Economic concept of the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith (1723-1790). In opposition to mercantilism, Smith urged governments to keep hands off the operation of the economy. He believed the role of government was analogous to the night watchman, guarding and protecting, but not intervening in the operation of the economy, which must be left to run in accord with the natural laws of supply and demand. | 22 | |
| 6208564137 | Mary E. Lease | The fiery populist orator was a fixture in the Alliance circuit in 1890s. she made 160 speeches in 1890 alone."raise less corn and more hell" | 23 | |
| 6208570300 | Little Big Horn | 1876, an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes, against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army; an overwhelming victory for the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho, led by several major war leaders, including Crazy Horse and Chief Gall, inspired by the visions of Sitting Bull | 24 | |
| 6208573315 | Alfred T. Mahan | Argued that the federal government should build a stronger and more modern navy to protect American businesses as trade in far off places rapidly increased. He wanted modern steam powered steel ships (later called the GREAT WHITE FLEET). | 25 | |
| 6208578373 | The Maine | The USS Maine blows up and we blame Spain in Feb. 1898. We make demands and begin more reforms and set Cuba free, we go to war. American battleship sent on a friendly visit to Cuba that ended in disaster and war. | 26 | |
| 6208652632 | Molly Maguires | A secret Irish organization of coal miners in regions of western Pennsylvania and West Virgina in the mid to late 1800's. The miners worked together to achieve better working conditions, and when demands weren't met, they protested by destroying mining equipment and other activities. They were eventually brought down by a Pinkerton detective, and some alleged members had trials and were hanged. | 27 | |
| 6208656416 | New South | Term to describe the South in the late 1800s when efforts were made to expand the economy by building up industry, The rise of a South after the Civil War which would no longer be dependent on now-outlawed slave labor or predominantly upon the raising of cotton, but rather a South which was also industrialized and part of a modern national economy | 28 | |
| 6208659041 | Pendleton Act | 1883 - The first federal regulatory commission. Office holders would be assessed on a merit basis to be sure they were fit for duty. Brought about by the assassination of Garfield by an immigrant who was angry about being unable to get a government job. The assassination raised questions about how people should be chosen for civil service jobs. | 29 | |
| 6208666473 | People's party | Offered a unique perspective on economic democracy by challenging the private big business that dominated the American economy of the time. For example, they wanted government ownership of the railroads and telegraph systems. This would allow a much more even distribution of prices across America and would eliminate the various and inflated rates that railroad companies charged. Another idea the People's party advocated were free silver and greenbacks in an attempt to further the farmers abilities to obtain credit. | 30 | |
| 6208682202 | Platt Amendment | A rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901, it specified the conditions under which the U.S. could intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, and provided that Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that might impair its independence. Its provisions where later incorporated into the Cuban Constitution. | 31 | |
| 6208686425 | Pullman Strike | This was a nonviolent strike which brought about a shut down of western railroads, which took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago in 1894, because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. It was ended by the president due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image upon unions. | 32 | |
| 6208697047 | Jacob Riis | A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890. | 33 | |
| 6208702868 | Sand Creek Massacre | In Colorado territory in 1864, U.S army colonel John M. Chivington led a surprise attack on a peaceful Cheyenne settlement along Sand Creek River. The Cheyenne under Chief Black kettle tried to surrender. First he waved the America Flag and the White flag of surrender. Chivington ignored the gestures. The U.S army killed about 200 Cheyenne during the conflict | 34 | |
| 6208711493 | Scientific Management | As described by Taylor, scientific management involves (a) scientifically analyzing jobs into their component parts and then standardizing those parts; (b) scientifically selecting, training, and placing workers in jobs for which they are mentally and physically suited; (c) fostering cooperation between supervisors and workers to minimize deviation from scientific methods of work; and (d) having managers and workers assume responsibility for their own share of their work. | 35 | |
| 6208716300 | Sharecropping | A system of farming that developed in the South after the Civil War, when landowners, many of whom had formerly held slaves, lacked the cash to pay wages to farm laborers, many of whom were former slaves. The system called for dividing the crop into three shares — one for the landowner, one for the worker, and one for whoever provided seeds, fertilizer, and farm equipment. | 36 | |
| 6208729771 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. Intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade, However, it was initially misused against labor unions | 37 | |
| 6208733032 | Upton Sinclair | vegetarian activist who exposed the horrific conditions in the meat packing plants of Chicago. His book, The Jungle, aimed to hit America in the heart, but hit in the stomach instead. This book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and brought awareness to unsafe practices. | 38 | |
| 6208749506 | Social Darwinism | A social application of Charles Darwin's biological theory of evolution by natural selection, this late-nineteenth century theory encouraged the notion of human competition and opposed intervention in the natural human order. Social Darwinists justified the increasing inequality of late-nineteeth-century industrial American society as natural. | 39 | |
| 6208757180 | Social Gospel | Late 19th century movement Protestant movement preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement. | 40 | |
| 6208760467 | Tammany Hall | Was founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789 as the Tammany Society. It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s | 41 | |
| 6208766884 | Transcontinental Railroad | A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah. The Central Pacific laborers were predominantly Chinese, and the Union Pacific laborers predominantly Irish. Both groups often worked under harsh conditions. | 42 | |
| 6208770872 | Frederick Jackson Turner | (1861 - 1932) He was an American historian in the early 20th century. He is best known for The Significance of the Frontier in American History, where he stated that the spirit and success of the United States is directly tied to the country's westward expansion. According to Turner, the forging of the unique and rugged American identity occurred at the juncture between the civilization of settlement and the savagery of wilderness. | 43 | |
| 6208773361 | Wounded Knee | Last notable armed conflict. US troops and Native Americans 1890 Occurred after a Sioux holy man named Wewoka developed a religious ritual caused the Ghost Dance -believed this dance would bring back the buffalo and return Native Americans to their land - alarmed white settlers and caused great concern so govt sent in US army -army believed that the Sioux leader Sitting Bull was using the Ghost Dance to start an uprising -when soldiers tried to arrest Sitting Bull, a gunfight resulted in the deaths of 14 people, including Sitting Bull -soldiers then pursued the Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek -when a shot rang out, the soldiers started firing -before it was over more than 150 Native American men, women, and children, most of whom were unarmed, were dead | 44 | |
| 6208780682 | Yellow Journalism | Sensational newspaper writing, A term for sensationalist, irresponsible journalism. Reputedly, the term is an allusion to the cartoon "The Yellow Kid" in the old New York World, a newspaper especially noted for its sensationalism., Downplaying legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers --- can be deceptive to readers ---- originated with conflict between Pulitzer and Hearst | 45 | |
| 6208380972 | assimilation | the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group | 46 | |
| 6208380973 | The Gilded Age | Means something is gold covered The late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. Term derived from writer Mark Twain's 1873 The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding of economic progress. | 47 | |
| 6208380971 | People's (Populist) Party | An agrarian-populist political party in the United States For a few years, 1892-96, it played a major role as a left-wing force in American politic Drew support from angry farmers in the West and South and operated on the left-wing of American politic Highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads Allied itself with the labor movement. | 48 | |
| 6208380974 | Social Darwinism | Term coined in the late 19th century to describe the idea that humans, like animals and plants, compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in "survival of the fittest." Provided a justification for the enormous wealth and power wielded by industrialists in the latter half of the 19th century. |  | 49 |
| 6208380977 | Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896 - Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." |  | 50 |
| 6208380978 | racial segregation | the separation of humans into ethnic or racial groups in daily life. Generally applies to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, going to the movies, riding on a bus, or in the rental or purchase of a home. |  | 51 |
| 6208380979 | free enterprise | an economic system that permits unrestricted entrepreneurial business activity associated with laissez-faire capitalism | 52 | |
| 6208380980 | trust | A set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other. |  | 53 |
| 6208380981 | socialist | one who believes in the ownership and control of the major means of production by the whole community rather than by individuals or corporations |  | 54 |
| 6208380982 | radical | one who believes in fundamental change in a political, economic, or social system | 55 | |
| 6208380983 | lockout | the refusal by an employer to allow employees to work unless they agree to his or her terms | 56 | |
| 6208380984 | cooperative | an organization for producing, marketing, or consuming goods in which the members share the benefits | 57 | |
| 6208380985 | anarchist | one who believes that formal, coercive government is wrong in principle | 58 | |
| 6208380986 | tenement | a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded |  | 59 |
| 6208380987 | sweatshop | a factory where employees are forced to work long hours under difficult conditions for meager wages |  | 60 |
| 6208380988 | pauper | a poor person, often one who lives on tax-supported charity | 61 | |
| 6208380989 | tycoon | a wealthy businessperson, especially one who openly displays power and position |  | 62 |
| 6208380990 | filibuster | to utilize the technique of obstructing legislation by tactics such as making long speeches and introducing irrelevant amendments | 63 | |
| 6208380991 | landslide | an overwhelming majority of votes for one side in an election | 64 | |
| 6208380992 | reserve | in finance, the portion of money held back from circulation by a bank or treasury, which provides backing for its notes or loans | 65 | |
| 6208380993 | bimetallism | the legalized concurrent use of two precious metals as currency at a fixed ratio of value in US History associated with the Free Silver movement | 66 | |
| 6208380994 | Wabash v. Illinois (1886) | Declared state-passed Granger laws that regulated interstate commerce unconstitutional. | 67 | |
| 6208380995 | Frontier Thesis | stereotypical thesis that west represented individualism, democracy, economic freedom, and starting over Turner's idea | 68 | |
| 6208380996 | Land Grants | land given by government to universities and railroad companies | 69 | |
| 6208380998 | Bureau of Indian Affairs | designed to assimilate Native Americans (children particularly) into American culture | 70 | |
| 6208380999 | Open Range | the idea that cattle can be grazed on large tracts of public and/or private property invention of barbed wire ended this idea and drove many small cattle ranches out of business and off their small plots of land | 71 | |
| 6208381000 | Vertical Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to own every step of the manufacturing process (ex. Carnegie Steel) |  | 72 |
| 6208381001 | Horizontal Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil) | | 73 |
| 6208381006 | Urbanization | movement of people from rural communities and settlements to big cities |  | 74 |
| 6208381007 | "New Immigrants" | immigrants from southern and eastern Europe such as Poland, Italy, Russia, Greece. that arrived in the US during & after the 1880s -unskilled | 75 | |
| 6208381009 | Political Machine | Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power Sometimes referred to as a shadow government Rose to power in the late 1800s because of ill-equipped local governments that failed to meet the needs of growing urban populations |  | 76 |
| 6208381010 | Tammany Hall | Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption Lead by William Boss Tweed |  | 77 |
| 6208381011 | Pendelton Civil Service Act, 1883 | Standardized an exam for federal employees so that people were awarded jobs on merit rather than political affiliations Made it illegal to remove federal employees without just cause. | 78 | |
| 6208381012 | Sherman Antitrust Act | Outlawed monopolistic business practices not effective initially without a strong progressive federal government that would enforce it. | 79 | |
| 6208381013 | Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance | Grassroots movements that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit evolved into Populist movement. | 80 | |
| 6208381014 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic presidential hopeful that was a member of the Populist Party free silver advocate "Do not crucify mankind on a cross of gold". |  | 81 |
| 6208381015 | Seward's Folly or Seward's Ice Box | Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase. |  | 82 |
| 6208381016 | Susan B. Anthony | Social reformer who campaigned for women's rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association. |  | 83 |
| 6208381017 | Laissez-Faire Economics | This was an economic philosophy begun by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic thought dominated most of the time period of the Industrial Revolution. |  | 84 |
| 6208381018 | New South | After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. In reality, this growth was fairly slow. |  | 85 |
| 6208381019 | Americanization | Process of assimilating immigrants into American culture by teaching English, American history, and citizenship. | 86 | |
| 6208381020 | middle class | a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers | 87 | |
| 6208381021 | Interstate Commerce Act | 1887 Created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate railroads to be fairer to farmers First legislation to regulate corporations Ineffective because government failed to enforce it. | 88 | |
| 6208381023 | Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad that would cross the continent and connect the East to the West Opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution Completed in 1869 at Promontory, UT |  | 89 |
| 6208381024 | Social Gospel | Late 19th-century movement Protestant movement preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement. |  | 90 |
| 6208381025 | Standard Oil | John D. Rockefeller's company that gained a monopoly over the world petroleum market with the practice of trusts and swift elimination of competition. By 1890, owned 90% of the US oil market |  | 91 |
| 6208381026 | Carnegie Steel | A steel producing company created by Andrew Carnegie to manage business at his steel mills in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area in the late 19th century Significance: had a monopoly in the steel industry. vertical integrations. |  | 92 |
| 6208381027 | John D. Rockefeller | Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company. Considered to be a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses. Built trusts and used money to influence government. | 93 | |
| 6208381028 | Industrial Revolution | Period characterized by the rapid social and economic changes in manufacturing and agriculture that occurred in England during the late 18th century and rapidly diffused to other parts of the developed world. In the US, this occurred during the period roughly 1825-1925. |  | 94 |
| 6208381029 | Alaska | The last frontier of the North American continent. It was purchased from Russia in 1867 and was considered to be worthless land; however, in time, this was proven false | 95 | |
| 6208381030 | Central Pacific Railroad | Started in CA & pushed eastward Eventually connected with the Union Pacific RR in Promontory Point, UT Hired Chinese laborers to complete the work | 96 | |
| 6208381031 | Union Pacific Railroad | RR that started in Omaha, NE Connected with Central Pacific RR in Promontory Point, UT Hired inexpensive Irish laborers | 97 | |
| 6208381032 | Wyoming & women's suffrage | WY was the 1st state to provide women the right to vote in 1870 Sometimes referred to as the "Land of Freedom" | 98 | |
| 6208381033 | "old immigrants" | Immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s North/ West Europe Irish German English skilled | 99 | |
| 6208381034 | Yellowstone National Park | Established in 1872 by US Congress 1st national park | 100 | |
| 6208381035 | Panic of 1873 | Financial panic in which banks closed and the stock market crashed | 101 | |
| 6208381036 | US Steel | Largest steel company of the US Created by JP Morgan by merging with Carnegie Steel Largest corporation in existence at the time | 102 | |
| 6208381037 | Bessemer Process | Way to manufacture steel quickly & cheaply | 103 | |
| 6208381038 | Battle of Little Bighorn | 1876- Indian leaders Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse defeated Gen. Custer & his troops | 104 | |
| 6208381039 | Nez Perce War | Conflict between the Nez Perce & the US gov't Chief Joseph finally agrees to surrender & relocate to reservation | 105 | |
| 6208381040 | Great Railway Strike of 1877 | RR workers initiated a strike in 1877 when they were told there would be a pay cut | 106 | |
| 6208381041 | A Century of Dishonor | Written by Helen Hunt Jackson Exposed mistreatment of Native Americans by US gov't & settlers | 107 | |
| 6208381042 | James Garfield | Became president in 1880 Republican Assassinated after only 4 months Promoted civil service reform, but died before it could be enacted | 108 | |
| 6208381043 | JP Morgan | Banker that controlled 2/3 of RRs and eventually bought Carnegie steel company Formed US Steel Considered a robber baron | 109 | |
| 6208381044 | Captains of Industry | Owners & mangers of large industrial enterprises who wielded great political & economic power More positive term in contrast to "robber barons" | 110 | |
| 6208381045 | Robber Barons | Refers to industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying employees low wages Drove competition out of business by selling goods much cheaper | 111 | |
| 6208381046 | Hull House | Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy family Provided social & education opportunities for working class Worked to improve conditions caused by poverty Est. by Jane Addams in Chicago | 112 | |
| 6208381048 | Wounded Knee | 1890 Last Native American battle 300 Native killed by US military | 113 | |
| 6208381049 | Ellis Island | Immigration processing center in NY Harbor | 114 | |
| 6208381050 | Pullman Strike | Pullman RR car announced pay cut American Railway Union boycotts the use of the Pullman cars US mail failed to be delivered US gov't sent injunction to end boycott SCOTUS ruled injunction was constitutional | 115 | |
| 6208381052 | Credit Mobiler | Railroad scandal under Grant | 116 | |
| 6208381053 | Whiskey RIng | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. | 117 | |
| 6208381054 | Thomas Nast | exposes Boss Tweed's corruption through political cartoons | 118 | |
| 6208381055 | Tight money policy | monetary policy that reduces the money supply | 119 | |
| 6208381056 | Causes of Panic of 1873 | -overproduction in industry -over speculation by banks (giving too many loans) | 120 | |
| 6208381057 | Compromise of 1877 | Hayes is President (Republican) pulls out militia in south ENDS RECONSTRUCTION land grants and patronage | 121 | |
| 6208381058 | 15th amendment | African American males can vote | 122 | |
| 6208381059 | Redeemers | White Democrats who reassumed political power in South | 123 | |
| 6208381060 | Mark Twain | Huckleberry Finn, named period the Gilded Age | 124 | |
| 6208381061 | Civil Service | Made people take an exam to make sure they were qualified | 125 | |
| 6208381062 | Munn vs. Illinois | Victory for farmers | 126 | |
| 6208381063 | Wbash case | overturns the victory in the Munn case | 127 | |
| 6208381064 | Interstate Commerce Act | Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices | 128 | |
| 6208381065 | Yellow dog contracts | cant join unions | 129 | |
| 6208381066 | Great Railroad Strike | July, 1877 - A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men. | 130 | |
| 6208381067 | Homestead Strike | 1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike. | 131 | |
| 6208381068 | Reasons for immigration | Job opportunities - in factories, businesses steamships, railroads,that many other countries didnt have. political and religious freedom -lack of land in europe -religious persectution in europe | 132 | |
| 6208381069 | Salvation Army | This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching Christian values. | 133 | |
| 6208381070 | horatio Alger | rags to riches | 134 | |
| 6208381071 | Edward Bellany | future utopian society | 135 | |
| 6208381072 | Booker T washington | must get jobs for respect of african americans -gradual equality | 136 | |
| 6208381073 | WEB debois | immediate equality for african americans | 137 | |
| 6208381074 | Helen Hunt | "a century of dishonor" reveals mistreatment of natives by federal gov | 138 | |
| 6208381075 | Fredrick Jackson Turner | Closing of the Fronteir | 139 | |
| 6208381076 | Coxey's army | unemployed march to dc to demand for public work jobs | 140 | |
| 6208381077 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | Increased the amount of silver the gov. bought for coinage, but the money supply did not increase enough to satisfy silver supporter | 141 | |
| 6208381078 | Cross of Gold Speech | An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold. | 142 |
