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| 5999738767 | Ulysses S. Grant Administration | Era of which Ulysses S. Grant served as president for two terms, corrupted rule | 0 | |
| 5999738768 | Boss Tweed | Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine | 1 | |
| 5999738769 | Party Bosses and Political Machines | A political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, gave favors/citizenship in exchange for votes | 2 | |
| 5999738770 | Thomas Nast | The German born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist considered to be the father of American Cartoon. Most known for caricatures of Boss Tweed | 3 | |
| 5999738771 | Credit Mobiler Scandal | A scandal that formed when a group of union pacific railroad insiders formed the credit mobilier construction company and then hired themselves to build the railroad with inflated wages. they bribed several congressmen and the vice president to keep the scandal from going public | 4 | |
| 5999738772 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars | 5 | |
| 5999738773 | Panic of 1873 | Economic depression during Grant's second term | 6 | |
| 5999738775 | Gilded Age | Coin termed by Mark Twain; period from 1870s - 1890s, businesses grew at a rapid rate and many problems lied below perceived prosperity | 7 | |
| 5999738776 | Patronage | Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support | 8 | |
| 5999738782 | Plessy v. Fergueson | Supreme Court decisions that segregation was legal as long as the separate facilities provided for blacks were equal to those provided to whites | 9 | |
| 5999738783 | Chinese Exclusion Act | Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate | 10 | |
| 5999738784 | James A. Garfield | 20th president elected in 1880 | 11 | |
| 5999738785 | Pendelton Civil Service Reform Act | Law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons | 12 | |
| 5999738786 | Grover Cleveland | 22nd and 24th president, Democrat | 13 | |
| 5999738787 | Billion Dollar Congress | Nickname given to the 51st Congress under President Benjamin Harrison, as it was the first to exceed a budget of over a billion dollars. Some of their actions included showering pensions on Civil War veterans, increasing government purchases of silver with the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, and passing Sherman Antitrust Act and the McKinley Tariff. One of the most active congresses in history. | 14 | |
| 5999738788 | Benjamin Harrison | 23rd President; Republican, poor leader | 15 | |
| 5999738789 | Grandfather Clause | A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867 | 16 | |
| 5999738790 | Poll Tax | A tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote | 17 | |
| 5999738791 | Literacy Tax | Required that a citizen prove he could read/write in order to vote | 18 | |
| 5999738792 | Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad line that linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system; constructed by the *Central Pacific* and *Union Pacific* railroads; completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah | 19 | |
| 5999738793 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | Financier whose family dominated the railroad industry | 20 | |
| 5999738794 | "Robber Barons" | Negative term used to describe large businessmen of the late 1800's because of the fact that they used ruthless practices to destroy competition and took advantage of workers | 21 | |
| 5999738795 | Wabash v. Illinois | Supreme court ruling that states could not regulate interstate commerce | 22 | |
| 5999738796 | Interstate Commerce Act | 1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses | 23 | |
| 5999738799 | Horizontal Integration | Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level | 24 | |
| 5999738800 | Vertical Integration | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution | 25 | |
| 5999738801 | Standard Oil Company | Oil company owned by John D. Rockefeller which by 1870 was the largest oil refiner had horrible working conditions that was exposed by Ida Tarbell | 26 | |
| 5999738802 | Trusts | A combination of large companies form an alliance to squeeze out competition. The companies used money to influence members of the US Senate. This led to the passage of the 16th Amendment (Direct election of Senators) | 27 | |
| 5999738803 | Andrew Carnegie | A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded Steel Company 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry | 28 | |
| 5999738804 | John D. Rockefeller | Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy | 29 | |
| 5999738805 | J. Pierpoint Morgan | Most powerful banker of 1800s | 30 | |
| 5999738806 | Bessemer Process | A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities | 31 | |
| 5999738807 | Social Darwinism | A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background | 32 | |
| 5999738808 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | 33 | |
| 5999738809 | Knights of Labor | 1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed | 34 | |
| 5999738810 | Haymarket Square Incident | This was an 1886 explosion in Chicago during labor disorders that killed several people including police officers. The explosions appeared to be the result of anarchists yet the public largely placed blame on labor unions thus hurt their cause | 35 | |
| 5999738811 | American Federation of Labor | Alliance of skilled workers in craft unions; focus was bread-and butter issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions | 36 | |
| 5999738812 | Open Shop Factories vs. Closed Shop factories | open: all workers can be given job closed: union members only | 37 | |
| 5999738813 | Sears Roebuck Catalog | Late 19th - early 20th century magazine including goods sold in the department stores | 38 | |
| 5999738815 | Immigration in the 1880s | Made up the working class in the North. Most were Irish (leaving bc of famine) and German (fled political revolution) | 39 | |
| 5999738816 | Jane Addams | The founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes | 40 | |
| 5999738817 | Settlement Houses | Community centers located in the slums and near tenements that gave aid to the poor, especially immigrants | 41 | |
| 5999738818 | Charles Darwin | 1809-1882 English naturalist and scientist whose theory of evolution through natural selection was first published in "On The Origin of the Species" in 1859 | 42 | |
| 5999738819 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality | 43 | |
| 5999738820 | W.E.B DuBois | 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 | 44 | |
| 5999738821 | Tuskegee Institute | Black educational institution founded by Booker T. Washington to provide training in agriculture and crafts | 45 | |
| 5999738822 | Land-grant Colleges | State educational institutions built with the benefit of federally donated lands | 46 | |
| 5999738823 | Yellow Journalism | Journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration | 47 | |
| 5999738824 | National American Women's Suffrage Association | A group formed by leading suffragist in the late 1800s to organize the women's suffrage movement. Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. | 48 | |
| 5999738825 | Ida B. Wells | African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores | 49 | |
| 5999738826 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. The pres. of the company was Frances Willard | 50 | |
| 5999738830 | World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 | Also known as The Chicago World's Fair; was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World | 51 | |
| 5999738831 | Horatio Alger | Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work | 52 | |
| 5999738832 | American Indian Reservations | Distant from centers of modernization and industrialization, created after the Trail of Tears | 53 | |
| 5999738833 | Sand Creek Massacre | An attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a regiment of Colorado militiamen on 29 November 1864 that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members | 54 | |
| 5999738834 | Battle of Little Bighorn | In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died | 55 | |
| 5999738835 | Chief Joseph | Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations | 56 | |
| 5999738837 | A Century of Dishonor | Written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881 to expose the atrocities the United States committed against Native Americans in the 19th century | 57 | |
| 5999738838 | Battle of Wounded Knee | US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars | 58 | |
| 5999738839 | Dawes Act | 1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners, unintended consequences led to wide spread assimilation and dramatic weakening of tribes | 59 | |
| 5999738841 | Homestead Act of 1862 | This allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30 | 60 | |
| 5999738844 | Pullman Strike | Nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Pres. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery | 61 | |
| 5999738845 | Eugene V. Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over | 62 | |
| 5999738846 | William Jennings Bryan | United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) | 63 | |
| 5999738847 | William McKinley | 25th president, assassinated by an anarchist | 64 | |
| 5999738848 | "Cross of Gold" Speech | An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold | 65 | |
| 5999738849 | Gold Standard Act | Signed by McKinley in 1900 and stated that all paper money must be backed only by gold. This meant that the government had to hold large gold reserves in case people wanted to trade in their money. Also eliminated silver coins in circulation | 66 | |
| 5999753629 | Social Gospel | the religious doctrines preached by those who believed that the churches should directly address economic and social problems | 67 | |
| 5999781061 | Ghost Dance | Sioux religious movement that served as the last stand for the Native American resistance movement against loss of tribal autonomy | 68 | |
| 6004235278 | People's (Populist) Party | Late 1800's third party that included calling for free coinage of silver, abolition of national banks, a subtreasury scheme or some similar system, a graduated income tax, plenty of paper money (increase in money supply) | 69 | |
| 6004349464 | Gospel of Wealth | written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich | 70 |
