Vocabulary for Chapters 3 and 4 of The American Pageant, 13th Edition
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| 81718888 | John Calvin | (1509-1564) French Protestant reformer and theologian who, after breaking with the Roman Catholic Church (1533), settled in Geneva (1541). Founder of Presbyterianism. | 81718888 | |
| 81718889 | Anne Hutchinson | (1591-1643) U.S. colonist and religious leader, born in England. After settling in Boston (1635), she was ostracized and later banished for her religious beliefs. | 81718889 | |
| 81718890 | Rodger Williams | 1603-83) Colonial clergymen and founder of Rhode Island, born in England. After being expelled from Massachusetts, he founded the commonwealth of Providence, based on religious freedom. | 81718890 | |
| 81718891 | Henry Hudson | An English explorer who, in 1609, tried to find a northwest passage and discovered the river that bears his name. When returning from a second trip, his crew mutinied and he and his son were sent adrift, never to be seen again. | 81718891 | |
| 81718892 | William Bradford | (1590-1657) English puritan colonist in America. A signer of the Mayflower Compact and one of the original settlers of the Plymouth Plantation, he was elected governor for 30 1-year terms. | 81718892 | |
| 81718893 | Peter Stuyvesant | (1592-1672) Dutch colonial administrator in America. While living in New Amsterdam (Present day New York City), he attempted to bring social and religious reform to the diverse populace, but was largely unsuccessful. | 81718893 | |
| 81718894 | Thomas Hooker | (1586- 1647) Puritan colonial leader who founded the colony of Connecticut after fighting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. | 81718894 | |
| 81718895 | William Penn | (1644-1718) English Quaker. Converted to Quakerism in 1667, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London of his views in 1668. In 1681, he was given a charter in Pennsylvania by the Crown in lieu of a debt to his late father. He proceeded to establish a colony practicing religious tolerance. | 81718895 | |
| 81718896 | John Winthrop | (1588-1649) A founder of the Massachusetts Bay Company who moved to the colony in 1630, serving as its first governor (1629-33), and was re-elected several times. | 81718896 | |
| 81718897 | King Philip (Metacom) | (1639-1676) War chief of the Wampanoag Indians and their leader in King Philip's War. | 81718897 | |
| 81718898 | Sir Edmund Andros | British colonial administrator. As governor of the Dominion of New England, his unpopular laws angered colonists, and in 1689 the people of Boston revolted and threw him in jail. | 81718898 | |
| 81718899 | Gustavus Adolphus | (1594-1632) King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632 and led it to military supremacy during the 30 years war. | 81718899 | |
| 81718900 | William and Mary | Collage in Williamsburg, Virginia, founded in 1693 and named after King Williams III and Queen Mary II. | 81718900 | |
| 81718901 | Massasoit | (1580-1661) Chief of the Wampanoag Indians. One of the most powerful native rulers of New England, he signed a peace treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and befriended Rodger Williams. | 81718901 | |
| 83172312 | Squanto | U.S. Indian and friend of the Plymouth Colony Pilgrims. He was captured as a young man and sold as a slave, he escaped and made his way back to his homeland, where he taught the pilgrims to grow corn and probably participated in the First Thanksgiving celebration. | 83172312 | |
| 83172313 | William Berkley | (1605-1677) Governor of Virginia appointed by King Charles I. His friendly relations towards the Indians led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. | 83172313 | |
| 83172314 | Nathaniel Bacon | (1640s-1676) Wealthy colonist of Virginia Colony and leader of Bacon's Rebellion. He died of dysentery, ending the rebellion. | 83172314 | |
| 83172315 | Matthew Hopkins | (1620-1647) English witch hunter during the English Civil War. He was responsible for more people being hung for witch craft than anyone in the previous 100 years. | 83172315 | |
| 83172316 | Indentured servant | A contract binding one party in the service of another for a stipulated term. | 83172316 | |
| 83172317 | Martin Luther | (1483- 1546) German leader of the reformation. An Augustinian monk, he visited Rome in 1510 and was shocked by the wealth and corruption. In 1520, he launched the Protestant Reformation. | 83172317 | |
| 83172318 | Slave codes | laws which defined the status of slaves and the rights of their masters. They gave slave owners absolute power over their human property. | 83172318 | |
| 83172319 | Headright system | Used as an attempt to solve labor shortages. Immigration colonists who paid for their own passage were given 50 acres of land. | 83172319 | |
| 83172320 | Middle passage | The passage of slave ships from Africa to the West Indies and America during the 16th to 19th centuries. | 83172320 | |
| 83172321 | Freedom dues | land or money given to an indentured servant when he was done serving his term. | 83172321 | |
| 83172322 | Witch hunting | Searches for witches or witchcraft, often involving moral panic, mass hysteria, and lynching. | 83172322 | |
| 83172323 | Conversions | The reception of God's saving grace. | 83172323 | |
| 83172324 | Bacon's Rebellion | Uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony that was a protest of Native American raids on the frontier. | 83172324 | |
| 83172325 | Leisler's Rebellion | Uprising in 17th century colonial New York, in which militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. | 83172325 | |
| 83172326 | Half-way covenant | Provided partial church membership for children and grandchildren of Puritan church members. | 83172326 | |
| 83172327 | Quakers | Members of the Society of Friends. Not used officially by the Friends. | 83172327 |
