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| 5915735771 | Jamestown | The first successful English colony. Founded in 1607. | 0 | |
| 5915735774 | Virginia House of Burgesses | 1619 - the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt the same system. | 1 | |
| 5915735775 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | 2 | |
| 5915735778 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | 1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern this area. The Puritans established political freedom and a representative government. | 3 | |
| 5915735785 | Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 - A protest against the government of Virginia, in particular Governor Berkley, for not allowing a full-fledged war on the Native Americans. These frontiersmen first defeated the Indians and then burned Jamestown. | 4 | |
| 5915735792 | Indentured servants | In exchange for paying for a passage to the American colonies, this person would serve for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free. | 5 | |
| 5915735793 | mercantilism | The economic policy of Europe in the 1500s through 1700s. The government exercised control over industry and trade with the idea that national strength and economic security comes from exporting more than is imported. | 6 | |
| 5915735795 | The Great Awakening | (1739-1744) This was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. | 7 | |
| 5915735801 | French and Indian War | (1756-1763) Part of the Seven Years' War in Europe. Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and Canada. Britain eventually won, and gained control of all of the remaining French possessions in Canada. | 8 | |
| 5915735802 | Proclamation of 1763 | (1756-1763) Part of the Seven Years' War in Europe. Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and Canada. Britain eventually won, and gained control of all of the remaining French possessions in Canada. | 9 | |
| 5915735804 | Stamp Act of 1765 | British legislation passed which required that all legal or official documents used in the colonies, such as wills, deeds and contracts, had to be written on special, taxed British paper. | 10 | |
| 5915735808 | "Common Sense" | Published on January 1, 1776, this document encouraged the colonies to seek independence. It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies by the British government and was instrumental in turning public opinion in favor of the Revolution. | 11 | |
| 5915735811 | The Northwest Ordinance | Set up the framework of a government for the unorganized territory in the 1780s. This provided that the Territory would be divided into 3 to 5 states, outlawed slavery in the Territory, and set 60,000 as the minimum population for statehood. | 12 | |
| 5915735812 | Shay's Rebellion | (1786-87) Poor, indebted landowners in Mass achusetts rebelled against the state gov't to avoid paying taxes. The federal governme nt was too weak to help, a sign that the Articles of Confederation we ren't working effectively. | 13 | |
| 5915735813 | The Constitution | The document which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers. It can be changed through amendments. | 14 | |
| 5915735816 | The Federalist Papers | This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong cen tral government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. | 15 | |
| 5915735823 | Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, rebel farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and were quickly stopped by the US army. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem. | 16 | |
| 5915735824 | XYZ affair | Three French agents told American delegates that they could meet with the French foreign minister only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made this incident public. | 17 | |
| 5915735825 | Alien and Sedition Acts | The Federalist laws created in the interest of the nation's security and to stifle Democratic-Republican criticism. | 18 | |
| 5915735826 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. | 19 | |
| 5915735827 | Revolution of 1800 | Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." | 20 | |
| 5915735828 | Marbury v. Madison | The Supreme Court decision that established the power of the judicial review, which allows the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional. | 21 | |
| 5915735832 | Clay's American System | Proposed after the War of 1812, it included using federal money for internal improvements (roads, bridges, industrial improvements, etc.), enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of American industries, and strengthening the national bank. | 22 | |
| 5915735834 | Monroe Doctrine | (1823) Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. | 23 | |
| 5915735841 | Lowell System | Representative of the earliest forms of industrialization in the U.S., this manufacturing setup hired mainly farm girls to work in their factories. | 24 | |
| 5915735842 | "Tariff of Abominations" | (1828) This raised the tax on imported manufactured goods. It protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tax was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights. | 25 | |
| 5915735850 | Nat Turner's Rebellion | (1831) The largest slave uprising in American history. Occurred in Virginia and left 55 white southerners dead. | 26 | |
| 5915735851 | Whig Party | Political party with policies that included policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. People in this party include Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and, for a while, Calhoun. | 27 | |
| 5915735852 | Seneca Falls | (1848) - Site of the first modern women's right convention. At the gathering, Elizabeth Cady Staton read a Declaration of Sentiment listing the many discriminations against women. | 28 | |
| 5915735853 | Manifest Destiny | The theory that Americans were given the divine right to settle from coast to coast across the North American continent. | 29 | |
| 5915735854 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | This treaty required Mexico to cede the American Southwest, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and California, to the U.S. U.S. gave Mexico $15 million in exchange. | 30 | |
| 5915735857 | Popular sovereignty | The theory that the people of the new territories should determine the fate of slavery, not the federal Congress. | 31 | |
| 5915735858 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | She wrote the abolitionist book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War. | 32 | |
| 5915735859 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854 - This act repealed the Missouri Compromise. Popular sovereignty would determine whether these territories would be slave or free states. | 33 | |
| 5915735861 | 91. Know Nothing Party | A nativist political party that opposed immigration and Catholics. It was founded in the 1840s and was also known as the American Party. | 34 | |
| 5915735862 | Dred Scott decision | A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S. Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. | 35 | |
| 5915735863 | John Brown | A radical abolitionist who believed he had been ordained by God to put a stop to the institution of slavery in the U.S. Led the Pottawatomie Creek massacre and the raid on Harper's Ferry. | 36 | |
| 5915735864 | Emancipation Proclamation | With this Lincoln freed all slaves in the states that had seceded. It was released after the Northern victory at the Battle of Antietam. Lincoln had no power to enforce the law. | 37 | |
| 5915735869 | Freedman's Bureau | (1865) Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs. | 38 | |
| 5915735870 | 13th Amendment | (1865) Freed all slaves, abolished slavery. | 39 | |
| 5915735871 | 14th Amendment | (1866, ratified 1868) This granted in the Constitution full citizenship to all nativeborn or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants. | 40 | |
| 5915735872 | 15th Amendment | (Ratified 1870) No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave. It was to prevent states from amending their constitutions to deny black suffrage. | 41 | |
| 5915735874 | 104. Compromise of 1877 | Deal struck between the Democrats and Republicans that allowed Hayes to become President and for Reconstruction in the South to come to an end. | 42 | |
| 5915735879 | Social Darwinism | Applied the theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society - - the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor. | 43 | |
| 5915735884 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | (1890) A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies; it prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade. | 44 | |
| 5915735889 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) This race-based law was supported by American workers who worried about losing their jobs to immigrants who would work for less pay. | 45 | |
| 5915735892 | cult of domesticity | The idea that one of a woman's duties is to foster an artistic and educational environment in her "sphere", the home. | 46 | |
| 5915735893 | Jane Addams | Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago. | 47 | |
| 5915735894 | Populist Party | Founded in 1891, this party's platform called for free coinage of silver and paper money; national income tax; direct election of senators; regulation of railroads; and other government reforms to help farmers. | 48 | |
| 5915735898 | Muckrackers | Journalists who searched for and publicized real or alleged acts of corruption of public officials, businessmen, etc. Name coined by Teddy Roosevelt in 1906. | 49 | |
| 5915735899 | Pure Food and Drug Act | This legislation forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs. Still in existence as the FDA. | 50 | |
| 5915735910 | 140. Espionage and Sedition Acts | These pieces of legislation were designed to prevent "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" to be used against the government during WWI. | 51 | |
| 5915735913 | 19th Amendment | Granted women's suffrage. | 52 | |
| 5915735917 | Sacco & Vanzetti case | This event culminated in the execution of two immigrants. Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. | 53 | |
| 5915735923 | Lend-lease | After repealing the Neutrality Acts, the U.S. adopted this system of aiding the Allied forces without actually sending troops to fight. | 54 | |
| 5915735928 | containment | Foreign policy established by George Kennan which stated that the best way to keep Communism out of Europe was to confront the Russians wherever they tried to spread their power. | 55 | |
| 5915735929 | Truman Doctrine | Established in 1947, this policy established that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism. | 56 | |
| 5915735930 | Marshall Plan | Introduced by Secretary of State in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism. | 57 | |
| 5915735936 | 174. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | (1954) The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. | 58 | |
| 5915735937 | 175. Little Rock "9" | (1957) Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent black students from entering Central High School. Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class. | 59 | |
| 5915735939 | Cuban Missile Crisis | (October 14-28, 1962) After two weeks of confrontation that led to the brink of nuclear war, Khrushchev backed down and agreed to dismantle nuclear launch sites ninety-miles off of US soil. | 60 | |
| 5915735947 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | (August, 1964) - After the U.S. Navy ship Maddox reportedly was fired on, the U.S. Congress passed this which gave the president power to send troops to Vietnam to protect against further North Vietnamese aggression. | 61 | |
| 5915735956 | . Kent State | (May 4, 1970) National Guardsmen opened fire on a group of students protesting the Vietnam War. | 62 | |
| 5915735957 | Vietnamization | The effort to build up South Vietnamese troops while withdrawing American troops, it was an attempt to turn the war over to the Vietnamese. | 63 | |
| 5915735958 | Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) I | (May 1972) Signed by Nixon and Brezhnev in Moscow. Limited the production of nuclear weapons in certain categories. | 64 | |
| 5915735959 | Détente | A lessening of tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union during the Nixon administration. | 65 | |
| 5915735960 | Watergate | (June 17, 1972) Five men arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee's executive quarters in the Watergate Hotel. The ensuing cover-up eventually led to Nixon's resignation. | 66 | |
| 5915735961 | War Powers Act | Gave any president the power to go to war under certain circumstances, but required that he could only do so for 90 days before being required to officially bring the matter before Congress. | 67 | |
| 5915735962 | Camp David Accords | Peace talks between Egypt and Israel mediated by President Carter. | 68 | |
| 5915735963 | Reaganomics | The economic theory that if you cut taxes, it will spur the growth of public spending and improve the economy. It included tax breaks for the rich, "supply-side economics," and "trickle down" theory. | 69 |
