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| 10726430943 | Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia | 0 | |
| 10726435926 | Joint Stock Companies | Businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses | 1 | |
| 10726443992 | London or Virginia Company | The first joint-stock company in the colonies; founded Jamestown; promised gold, conversion of Indian to Christianity, and passage to the Indies | 2 | |
| 10726448451 | John Smith | Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. | 3 | |
| 10726453346 | Powhatans | A group of Indians that helped the Jamestown settlers until the settlers demanded food from them | 4 | |
| 10726459438 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. | 5 | |
| 10726463663 | Tobacco | Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown | 6 | |
| 10726469090 | House of Burgesses | 1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. | 7 | |
| 10726475325 | Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. | 8 | |
| 10726481707 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | 1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government. | 9 | |
| 10726486243 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. | 10 | |
| 10726496712 | Great Puritan Migration | Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Ended in 1642 when King Charles I effectively shut off emigration to the colonies with the start of the English Civil War. | 11 | |
| 10726504226 | Town Hall Meetings | 12 | ||
| 10726517497 | Thomas Hooker | A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government. | 13 | |
| 10726524306 | Fundamental Orders, 1649 | The first constitution written in North America; granted ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in Massachusetts | 14 | |
| 10726535243 | Anne Hutchinson | American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643) | 15 | |
| 10726541023 | Rhode Island | 16 | ||
| 10726549611 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. | 17 | |
| 10726554772 | Liberty of Conscience | Freedom of ones conscience in religious matters; defended by Roger Williams | 18 | |
| 10726559097 | Connecticut | 19 | ||
| 10726566771 | Half-Way Covenant | A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations. | 20 | |
| 10726571436 | Lord Baltimore | Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony. | 21 | |
| 10726577373 | Maryland Act of Toleration (1639) | Guaranteed religious freedom for those who asserted the divinity of Jesus Christ (excluded Atheists and Jews) | 22 | |
| 10726585458 | New Netherland | A colony founded by the Dutch in the New World. It became New York. | 23 | |
| 10726588705 | New Amsterdam | Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. This later became "New York City" | 24 | |
| 10726596525 | Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. | 25 | |
| 10726601349 | Patroonships | Vast tracts of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing fifty settlers to the property. | 26 | |
| 10726604840 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. | 27 | |
| 10726608214 | Quakers | English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania | 28 | |
| 10726615316 | Proprietors | 29 | ||
| 10726619741 | James Oglethorpe | Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor. | 30 | |
| 10726622409 | Headright System | Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. | 31 | |
| 10726631089 | Indentured Servants | People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free. | 32 | |
| 10726639904 | Chattel | An item of personal, movable property; slave | 33 | |
| 10726645850 | Slave Codes | Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights. | 34 | |
| 10726648794 | Barbados Slave Code | Established in 1661, it gave masters virtually complete control over their slaves including the right to inflict vicious punishments for even slight infractions. | 35 | |
| 10726652426 | Gullah | African American dialect that blended English with Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa | 36 | |
| 10726661949 | King Philip's War | 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. | 37 | |
| 10726669517 | Praying Towns | Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized | 38 | |
| 10726672207 | Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land | 39 | |
| 10726676142 | William Berkeley | A Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. He was governor from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. Berkeley enacted friendly policies towards the Indians that led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. | 40 | |
| 10726681877 | Glorious Revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. | 41 | |
| 10726685708 | Rights of Man | Written by Thomas Paine. It has been seen as a defense of the French Revolution, but it's also an influential work that embodied ideas of liberty and human equality. | 42 | |
| 10726690236 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 43 | |
| 10726696245 | Enlightenment Movement | A European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were processed into modern political thought. | 44 | |
| 10726704410 | Middle Passage | A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies | 45 | |
| 10726710786 | Stono Rebellion | The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go. | 46 | |
| 10726718010 | New York Conspiracy Trials | Supposed plot by slaves and poor whites in the British colony of New York in 1741 to revolt and level New York City with a series of fires. | 47 | |
| 10726722137 | Salem Witch Trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake. | 48 | |
| 10726726684 | Benjamin Franklin | American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. | 49 | |
| 10726731244 | naval stores | Materials used to build and maintain ships, such as tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine | 50 | |
| 10726736875 | Triangle Trade | A trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa | 51 | |
| 10726743021 | Mercantilism | An economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 52 | |
| 10726750053 | Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. | 53 | |
| 10726756277 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. | 54 | |
| 10726762010 | Church of England (Anglican Church) | The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas. | 55 | |
| 10726770605 | Congregational Church | Self-governing Puritan congregations without the hierarchical establishment of the Anglican Church. | 56 | |
| 10726775584 | First Great Awakening | The First Great Awakening was a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth. | 57 | |
| 10726783688 | Jonathan Edwards | Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god" | 58 | |
| 10726786948 | George Whitefield | English clergyman who was known for his ability to convince many people through his sermons. He involved himself in the Great Awakening in 1739 preaching his belief in gaining salvation. | 59 | |
| 10726794298 | Bible Commonwealth | Name for the Massachusetts Bay colony that refers to its tax supported churches and visible saints. | 60 | |
| 10726799571 | Dominion of New England | 1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. | 61 | |
| 10726805668 | Leisler's Rebellion | Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troop | 62 | |
| 10726811071 | Scots-Irish | A group of restless people who fled their home in Scotland in the 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. They first relocated to Ireland and then to America in the 1700s. | 63 | |
| 10726821394 | Paxton Boys | They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. | 64 | |
| 10726831096 | Regulator Movement | It was a movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American Revolutionists. | 65 | |
| 10726837047 | Salutary Neglect | British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II. Relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureaucrats contributed significantly to the rise of American self government | 66 | |
| 10726842751 | Deism | A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn't involved in people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets. | 67 | |
| 10726848539 | John Trumbull | John Trumbull was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War famous for his historical paintings including his Declaration of Independence. | 68 | |
| 10726852818 | Charles Wilson Peale | He was one of the outstanding painters of the early American republic. He founded the nation's first museum and first art school. His 1772 portrait of George Washington is recognized as the first authentic likeness of Washington. He continued to add paintings of national leaders like John Adams (1791-1794), Alexander Hamilton (1791), and James Madison (1792). | 69 | |
| 10726869793 | John Singleton Copley | American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815) | 70 | |
| 10726873591 | Phyllis Wheatley | First African American poet, sold into slavery, raised and educated in her family, household servant | 71 | |
| 10726879830 | John Peter Zenger | Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty. | 72 | |
| 10726883079 | De Crevecoeur | - What is an American? - "Melting Pot" - American: works for self/profits, ethnically diverse and tolerant, religious diversity and tolerance, new principles/ideas/opinions, progressive politics (egalitarian), family centered, love for country - The Americans are Great People with a Great Destiny | 73 | |
| 10726891662 | Benjamin Banneker | African-American scientist who taught himself calculus and trigonometry. He also helped design the capitol in Washington D.C. | 74 |
