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| 6398675278 | Lusitania | A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. | 0 | |
| 6398675279 | Sussex Pledge | After French ship Sussex was sunk, Germany promised not to sink anymore merchant ships without warning; this kept the U.S. out of the war for a little while longer (March 1916) | 1 | |
| 6398675280 | Central Powers | In WWI, the nations of Germany, Austria-Hungary and all the other nations that fought on their side. | 2 | |
| 6398675281 | Jeanette Rankin | First woman to serve in Congress. Suffragist and pacifist, voted against US involvement in WWI and WWII. | 3 | |
| 6398675282 | Zimmerman Telegram | March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico. Intercepted by British and published in newspapers. Led to US entering the war. | 4 | |
| 6398675283 | Russian Revolution | The revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a republic in March 1917. (Later in November came Communism and Lenin) | 5 | |
| 6398675284 | George Creel | Head of the Committee on Public Information who persuaded the nation's artistes and advertising agencies to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war. He also recruited 75,000 men to serve as "Four-Minute Men" to speak about everything relating to war and topics | 6 | |
| 6398675285 | Espionage Act | 1917-This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection. | 7 | |
| 6398675286 | Sedition Act | 1918-Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment. About 2000 people jailed, half convicted (Eugene Debs) | 8 | |
| 6398675287 | Schenck v. US | 1919 Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of the Espionage Act was upheld in a case of a man who was imprisoned for distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to public safety | 9 | |
| 6398675288 | Selective Service Act | This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. Men were chosen by lottery. By the end of WWI, 24.2 had registered; 2.8 had been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45. | 10 | |
| 6398675289 | American Expeditionary Force | About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals | 11 | |
| 6398675290 | Fourteen Points | The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | 12 | |
| 6398675291 | Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US (never signed), and signed by Germany to end WWI. The treaty: 1) stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to pay war reparations (33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons 5) Germany had to accept French occupation of the Rhineland for 15 years 6) Territories taken from Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia are given their independence (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) 7) Signers have to join League of Nations which includes Article X; that each member nation would stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations | 13 | |
| 6398675292 | Big Four | The Big Four were the four most important leaders (on the Allied side) during WWI and at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy. | 14 | |
| 6398675293 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. | 15 | |
| 6398675294 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Led a group of senators during Woodrow Wilson's presidency known as the "reservationists" during the 1919 debate over the League of Nations. | 16 | |
| 6398675295 | Reservationists | Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge | 17 | |
| 6398675296 | Irreconcilables | Senators opposed to ratification of the Treaty of Versailles on any grounds; lead by isolationists William Borah, Hiram Johnson, and Robert La Follette | 18 | |
| 6398675297 | Palmer Raids | Prompted by a series of unexplained bombings, these raids were conducted by the Justice department to root out communists, socialists, and anarchists, who they believed were trying to overthrow the government. Led by Mitchell A Palmer 6000 people were arrested, most of them foreign born; 500 including Emma Goldman were deported. Ended when the predicted huge riots on May Day did not take place and people became concerned with abuse of civil liberties. | 19 | |
| 6398675298 | Red Scare | Most instense outbreak of national alarm, began in 1919. Success of communists in Russia, American radicals embracing communism followed by a series of mail bombings frightened Americans. Attorney General A. MItchell Palmer led effort to deport aliens without due processs, with widespread support. Did not last long as some Americans came to their senses. | 20 | |
| 6398675299 | Teapot Dome | Albert B. Fall (Secretary of the Interior) leased oil rich land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny, but not until Fall had received a "loan" of $100,000 form Doheny and about three times that amount from Sinclair. This scandal occurred during Harding's presidency. | 21 | |
| 6398675300 | jazz age | Youth expressed their rebellion against their elders' culture by dancing to this music. Brought north by African American musicians, this music became a symbol of the new and modern culture of the cities. | 22 | |
| 6398675301 | Charles Lindbergh | Mail service pilot who became a celebrity when he made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927; he later became a leading isolationist. | 23 | |
| 6398675302 | Margaret Sanger | American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood. | 24 | |
| 6398675303 | Fundamentalism | Those who condemned the modernists and taught that every word of the Bible must be accepted as literally true. God created the universe in seven days. | 25 | |
| 6398675304 | Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson | Radio revivalists; he attacked drinking, gambling, and dancing. she condemned the evils of communism and jazz music. | 26 | |
| 6398675305 | F. Scott Fitzgerald | He belonged to the Lost Generation of Writers. He wrote the famous novel "The Great Gatsby" which explored the glamour and cruelty of an achievement-oriented society. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture. | 27 | |
| 6398675306 | Ernest Hemingway | Wrote "A Farewell to Arms", "The Old Man and the Sea", and "The Sun Also Rises"; American writer and journalist; veteran of WWI, belongs to literary movement called 'The Lost Generation' | 28 | |
| 6398675307 | Sinclair Lewis | American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, including Babbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature. Part of the Lost Generation. | 29 | |
| 6398675308 | Frank Lloyd Wright | Architect-"form follows function"-led to skyscrapers with little decoration | 30 | |
| 6398675309 | Harlem Renaissance | Black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes. | 31 | |
| 6398675310 | Langston Hughes/Lames Weldon Johnson/Claude McKay | African American poets during Harlem Renaissance; their poems about African American culture expressed a range of emotions from bitterness and resentment to joy and hope. | 32 | |
| 6398675311 | Duke Ellington/Louis Armstrong/Bessie Smith/Paul Robeson | African American jazz musicians/singers during the Harlem Renaissance; often were still segregated. | 33 | |
| 6398675312 | Marcus Garvey | African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. | 34 | |
| 6398675313 | Scopes Trial | 1925 highly publicized court case argued by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan in which the issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated | 35 | |
| 6398675314 | Volstead Act | Federal law enforcing the 18th Amendment-Prohibition;the Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors | 36 | |
| 6398675315 | Immigration/Quota Laws (1921 & 1924) | The first of these acts greatly limited immigration to 3 percent of the number of foreign-born persons from a given nation counted in the 1910 census. The second of these passed by Congress ensured the discrimination against Southern and Eastern European Immigrants by setting the quotas of 2 percent based on the Census of 1890. | 37 | |
| 6398675316 | Sacco & Vanzetti | Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs. | 38 | |
| 6398675317 | Washington Conference | 1921-An international conference on the limitation of naval fleet construction begins in Washington. Under the leadership of the American Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes the representatives of the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan pledge not to exceed the designated sizes of their respective naval fleets | 39 | |
| 6398675318 | Kellogg-Briand Treaty | 1928-This Treaty renounced the aggressive use of force to achieve national ends; almost all the nations of the world signed it. It proved ineffective because it 1) permitted defensive wars 2) failed to provide for taking action against the violators of the treaty. . | 40 | |
| 6398675319 | Dawes Plan | 1924 Created by Charles Dawes, a banker-A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success until the stock market crash of 1929. | 41 |
