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AP US Unit 1 Flashcards

Unit One: European Expansion Westward and English Colonial Structure: Unit Syllabus and Term Sheet

Unit I: Expansion and the Role of the Colonies

Textbook Readings:
Brinkley; Ch. 1 - The Meeting of Cultures
Ch. 2 - Transplantations and Borderlands

Primary Source Readings:
Students will gain further knowledge of the time period through discussion and analysis of one or more of the following primary sources: Readings of Bartolome de Las Casas, Mayflower Compact, Frame of Government, other various colonial charters, various colonial diaries.

Assignments / Projects:
Introduction to the DBQ - DBQ sample taken from previous AP tests or review examples

Unit Objectives:
� Students will identify and evaluate the contributions of Queen Elizabeth, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, John Smith, Walter Raleigh, John Rolfe, John Winthrop, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker, William Penn, George Calvert, and other pertinent personalities

� The students will identify and evaluate, but are not limited to, the following documents and their various influences on United States History: Various charters for each colony, Navigation Acts, Mayflower Compact, Saybrook platform, Virginia Charter, etc.

� The students will evaluate how the following events and social patterns influenced American History, including, but not limited to Westward European Expansion, Order of Expansion, The result of Exploration on Native American culture, major differences between English and Spanish exploration, Basic structure of the Thirteen colonies, Three concepts of borrowed government, Colonial government, the concept of Mercantilism.

� The students will evaluate the various conflicts and cooperation among social groups and organizations of the time period by studying the following events or situations, including but not limited to Native American v. Colonial settlers, secular v. non-secular expansion, cooperation of some Native American Tribes and colonial settlements, Bacon's and Culpepper's rebellion etc.

� The students will practice, improve, and exhibit evidence of writing prowess by discussing the differences between Spanish and English colonization and/or various reasons for European expansion into the Western Hemisphere through essay format.

General Unit Outline:
Please use the following outline of the unit as an approximate guide (not all items in the outline are covered in the book)
� Factors which lead to European expansion westward
� Order of European Expansion in Americas
� Characteristics of the nations and people who took the journey across the Atlantic
� Influence of expansion on the Native American Populations at the time of Exploration
� England joins Expansion:
� Reasons for English Expansion,
o Idiosyncrasies of English expansion,
o Comparison of English and Spanish Exploration
o Religious incentive in English expansion
� Basic structure of the 13 colonies and their creation.
o Examine the differences between Middle, Northern, and Central Colonial structure
� Three Concepts of Government which traversed the ocean from England to the American colonies
o Ordered Govt.
o Limited govt.
o Representative govt.
� Types of Colonies
o Royal
o Charter
o Proprietary

Terms : Hide Images
442074808Christopher Columbussailed to the America's in 14921
442074809pre-Columbian eraThe time before Columbus landed in the Americas2
442074810Native AmericansPeople who inhabited the Americas from birth and did not have European descendants3
442074811Bering Straita land mass connecting Siberia to Alaska and is not on any modern maps.4
442074812AlaskaNative Americans reached the Americas by traveling through here and Canada5
442074813IndiansName Columbus gave to the Native Americans because he thought he landed in East India.6
442074814Columbian ExchangeOccurred when Columbus landed on the Bahamas. Included a trade of plants, animals, foods, diseases, and ideas.7
442074815Conquistadors"Conquered" the Native Americans in and around Central America.8
442074816Spanish ArmadaThe Navy that prevented most of the Old World to colonize the New World until 1588 when the British defeated it.9
442074817EncomiendasGrants to settlers that gave authority over Native Americans for the pupose of labor and obliged the holder to Christianize and protect the Native Americans, and attempted to erase their culture and supplant it with Catholicism.10
442136816Smallpoxa highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars11
442136817Sir Walter RaleighSponsored an English settlement on Roanoke Island in 1587. By 1590 the colony had disappeared. Known as the Lost Colony.12
442136818JamestownFounded in 1607 by the British and would have suffered the fate of Roanoke Island if it did not have the help of the Powhatan Confederacy.13
442136819Joint-stock companyA group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king (who was selling land he did not actually own.)14
442136820Virginia CompanyNamed for the virgin Queen Elizabeth, it was the joint-stock company that settled Jamestown.15
442136821Captain John Smith"He who will not work, shall not eat."16
442136822The Starving TimeIn 1609 and 1610 the colonists of Jamestown found themselves with so little food that some resorted to cannibalism, while others joined Native Americans.17
442136823Powhatan ConfederacyA group of local tribes that taught the English how to farm the local lands.18
442136824TobaccoIntroduced by John Rolfe, the prospects of Jamestown's survival greatly increased when it was traded to Europe.19
442136825ChesapeakeThe area around Jamestown. Its namesake is a bay.20
442136826Indentured ServitudeIn return for free passage, these people typically promised seven years of labor, after which they received freedom21
442136827Headright SystemA tract of land, usually about 50 acres, that was granted to colonists and potential settlers.22
442136828House of BurgessesEstablished by the Virginia Company in 1619, it was a place for any property-owning, white male to vote. Any decision made here also had to be approved by the Virginia Company.23
442136829Edict of NantesPassed by the French government and allowed for religious tolerance of the Huguenots, whom might have fled the country like the Puritans, which may have increased France's impact on the New World otherwise.24
442136830PuritanismA movement led by English Calvinists' desire to "purify" the Catholic Church and the Anglican Church.25
442136831SeparatistsA Puritan group that completely separated from the Catholic Church26
442136832PlymouthA Puritan Settlement established in 1620.27
442136833PilgrimsThe travelers that made the trip from England to the New World28
442136834the Mayflower Compactan agreement establishing a "body politic" and a basic legal system for the Plymouth colony.29
442136835Monarchistspeople that believe a government ruled by a king works best.30
442136836AbsolutistsMonarchists that believe that a governments power comes from its people, not from a god.31
442136837SquantoA Native American that had been imprisoned in England for several years, and who helped the pilgrims at Plymouth survive the winter.32
442136838Massachusetts BayA colony formed by Pilgrims that was larger and more powerful than Plymouth.33
442136839CongregationalistsPuritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within.34
442136840Governor John WinthropLed the Massachusetts Bay colony.35
442136841Covenanta signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action, (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return36
442136842Roger WilliamsA minister in the Salem Bay who believed that Church and State should be separated.37
442136843Anne HutchinsonA woman who believed that faith and God's Grace suffice to earn one a place among the "elect".38
442136844Oliver CromwellThe Lord Protector of England from 1649 through 1658. The Puritans most well-known and respected leader.39
442136845English Civil WarsLed to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England (1649-53), and then with a Protectorate (1653-59), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule.40
442136846InterregnumThe "between kings" stage when Puritans had little reason to leave England for the New World.41
442136847Pequots IndiansIndian tribe that resisted English incursions.42
442136848Pequots WarWar between the English colonists and the Native American tribe that the war's name is derived from. Resulted in 400 killed.43
442136849ConnecticutA proprietorship that received its charter in 1635 and produced the Fundamental Orders.44
442136850Fundamental OrdersThe first written constitution in British North America.45
442136851Act of TolerationPassed by Marylanders in 1649 to ensure all citizens were entitled to religious freedom.46
442136852PennsylvaniaLand granted to William Penn and his Quakers by King Charles II because Penn was a friend of his and King Charles II viewed the Quakers as "dangerous".47
442136853Proprietary ColoniesControlled by a single colonist48
442136854Royal ColoniesRuled by the king. Most colonies would be converted to this.49
468577844Middle Passagethe trade route that brought slaves to North America50
468577845Triangular Trade RouteThe trade routes that made up trade between the colonies, Europe, and Africa.51
468577846Tobacco, rice, and indigolabor-intensive crops that fueled the slave trade in the colonies.52
468577847French and Indian WarA war fought in the colonies by the British and the French, with Native Americans joining both sides.53
468577848Salutary NeglectLetting a colony rule itself as much as possible, in order to allow it to become more prosperous and valuable.54
468577849Mercantilisman economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests55
468577850Speciehard currency, gold coins56
468577851Protective TariffsTaxes placed on foreign commodities in order to insure the products are bought from the mother country.57
468577852Navigation ActsA set of protective tariffs and laws placed on the colonies in order to guarantee that mercantilism would be held in place.58
468577853vice-admiralty courtsmilitaristic courts where the defendants did not have a jury; used to try those in violation of the Navigation Acts59
468577854Boards of TradeBritish form of regulating proprietary colonies.60
468577855The New England ConfederationWhile it held no real legislative powers, it settled disputes between the North-eastern colonies.61
468577856Bacon's RebellionOften cited as a populist uprising in colonial Virginia. The source is known as unrest between the "back country" farmers and the richer colonists that lived further east. It was fought by class lines and not racial ones.62
468577857Nathaniel BaconLed Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. Nearly caused a war with the Native Americans when he and his followers attacked the Doegs and the Susquehannocks.63
468577858Black codespassed by state governments to segregate blacks and whites in order to protect the government.64
468577859King Philip's WarNative Americans led by Metacomet retaliated against the English colonists for intrusions on their culture and territory. The bloodiest colonist/Indian conflict of the time.65
468577860Stono UprisingSlave rebellion in the colonists which failed and led to several "witch hunts" which resulted in the execution of four whites and 31 blacks for conspiracy of liberating slaves.66
468577861Salem Witch TrialsDuring the summer of 1692, 130 women were jailed or executed on charges of witchcraft. Caused by the Dominion of New England and wars with the French and the Native Americans.67
468577862Dominion of New EnglandAn English government attempt to clamp down on illegal trade68
468577863Glorious Revolutionreplaced James II with William and Mary69
468577864Halfway CovenantChanged the rules regarding Puritan baptisms from one's parents having to have had to experience God's grace in order to be baptized, to everyone being baptized.70
468577865Great Awakeninga wave of religious revivalism in the 1730s and 40s71
468577866Jonathan Edwardsa Congregationalist minister known for severe predeterministic doctrines of Calvinism and his graphic depictions of Hell72
468577867George WhitefieldMethodist preacher who preached Christianity based on emotionalism and spirituality, which is most manifested in Southern evangelism73
468577868Enlightenmentbrought back old philosophies and emphasized rationalism over emotionalism and spirituality74
468577869Ben Franklintypified the effects of the Enlightenment in the colonies. Poor Richard's Almanack was written by him.75

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