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| 31316071 | Marco Polo | Italian traveler and author, whose writings gave Europeans the first authoritative view of life in the Far East. Two years later, taking Marco along with them, they began a second journey to China. | |
| 31316072 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer and conqueror of Peru, noted for his audacity, courage, cruelty, and unscrupulousness and for his abilities as a military and civil leader | |
| 31316073 | Juan Ponce de Leon | explored Florida, which he at first thought was an island, seeking gold and probably not the fountain of youth | |
| 31316074 | Hernando de Soto | Spanish adventurer and explorer in the New World. After the conquest of Peru in 1532, De Soto returned to Spain with a fortune | |
| 31316075 | Montezuma | Lask king of the Aztecs | |
| 31316076 | Christopher Columbus | Italian-Spanish navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a route to Asia but achieved fame by making landfall, instead, in the Caribbean Sea | |
| 31316077 | Hernan Cortes | sailed from Cuba heading to Mexico, he assisted in the conquest of Mexico | |
| 31316078 | Francisco Coronado | Spanish conquistador, first explorer of North America's Southwest, and so-called conqueror of the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola | |
| 31316079 | Robert de La Salle | French explorer in North America, who navigated the length of the Mississippi River and claimed the region Louisiana for France | |
| 31316080 | Jacques Cartier | French explorer and mariner, discoverer of the Saint Lawrence River, born in Saint-Malo. Much of the French claim to Canada is based on Cartier's explorations | |
| 31316081 | Giovanni da Verrazano | Italian navigator, born in Val di Greve, near Florence. While on a second expedition Verrazano was killed by Indians in Brazil. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York Harbor between Brooklyn and Staten Island is named after him. | |
| 31316082 | John Cabot | English navigator and explorer, who attempted to find a direct route to Asia. Although Cabot was probably born in Genoa, as a youth he moved to Venice, where his seafaring career probably began | |
| 31316083 | Vasco Nunez Balboa | Spanish explorer, born in Jerez de los Caballeros. Later, Balboa settled in what is now Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where he unsuccessfully engaged in farming. | |
| 31316084 | Ferdinand of Aragon | because of his marriage to Isabella of Castile the kingdom of Spain began to unite | |
| 31316085 | Isabella of Castile | because of her marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon the kingdom of Spain began to unite | |
| 31316086 | Quetzalcoatl | was predicted to be Hernan Cortes by Montezuma | |
| 31316087 | Bartholomeu Dias | ), Portuguese navigator, first to round the Cape of Good Hope, Africa | |
| 31316088 | Hiawatha | legendary chieftain of the Iroquois Indians, said to have lived about 1570. According to legend, Hiawatha employed miraculous powers to protect his people from the evil forces of nature. | |
| 31316089 | Bartholemeu de Las Casas | a Dominican friar who witnessed the awful treatment of native Americans | |
| 31316090 | Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer and navigator, who was the first European to reach India by the sea route. | |
| 31316091 | Treaty of Tordesillas | agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over land | |
| 31316092 | Mound Builders | in archaeology, name given to Indian peoples who built numerous earth mounds in what is now the eastern and central parts of the U.S., particularly in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys, during prehistoric time | |
| 31316093 | Spanish Armada | fleet assembled and dispatched by King Philip II of Spain in an unsuccessful attempt to invade England in 1588. | |
| 31316094 | Black Legend | Stories from the Spanish colonies in the Americas that led to the general belief, eagerly endorsed by such rivals as Britain and Holland, that Spain exceeded other nations in cruelty to its subject populations | |
| 31316095 | Conquistadores | A conqueror, especially one of the 16th-century Spanish soldiers who defeated the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, or Peru. | |
| 31316096 | Aztecs | A member of a people of central Mexico whose civilization was at its height at the time of the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century. | |
| 31316097 | Pope's Rebellion | The Pope's Rebellion was a revolt staged by the Pueblo Indians in 1680 against the Spaniards who were enslaving them to dig in mines for gold and silver. | |
| 31316098 | Pueblo Indians | The Pueblo people are a Native American people in the Southwestern United States | |
| 31316099 | Iroquois Confederacy | developed the political and organizational skills to sustain a robust military alliance that menaced its neighbors | |
| 31316100 | Cartography | The art or technique of making maps or charts | |
| 31316101 | Native Americans | A member of any of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere | |
| 31316102 | Vineland | An unidentified coastal region of northeast North America visited by Norse voyagers as early as c. 1000;was named for the grapes | |
| 31316103 | Kiva | An underground or partly underground chamber in a Pueblo village, used by the men especially for ceremonies or councils | |
| 31316104 | Moors | One of the Muslims who invaded Spain in the 8th century and established a civilization in Andalusia that lasted until the late 15th century | |
| 31316105 | Ecosystem | An ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit. | |
| 31316106 | Encomiendio | In colonial Spanish America, a system by which the Spanish crown defined the status of the Indian population in its colonies | |
| 31316107 | Dia de la Raza | October 12, celebrated as a holiday in Spain, Latin America, and Hispanic regions and territories of the United States to commemorate the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World in 1492 |
