Terms : Hide Images
| 453933833 | Act of Toleration | an act passed in Maryland 1649 that granted freedom of worship to all Christians; although it was enacted to protect the Catholic minority in Maryland, it was a benchmark of religious freedom in all the colonies. It did not extend to non-Christians, however. | |
| 453933834 | Anne Hutchinson | ------------- was a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. Eventually, ---------'s faction lost out in a power struggle for the governorship. S/he was expelled from the colony in 1673 and traveled southward with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of Portsmouth, Rhode Island | |
| 453933835 | Antinomianism | Anne Hutchinson's heretical belief that the truly saved need not obey human or divine law | |
| 453933836 | Black Legend | Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit | |
| 453933837 | Calvanism | Early Christian belief that God predetermines a person's destination in their life and afterlife (heaven and hell). | |
| 453933838 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | |
| 453933839 | Crop Rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil | |
| 453933840 | Edmund Andros | Autocratic and unpopular governor of the Dominion of New England; he was toppled from power and was caught while trying to make his escape dressed as a woman. | |
| 453933841 | Francisco Coronado | In 1540-1542, searched for fabled golden cities, which turned out to be adobe pueblos. Wandered all to Arizona and New Mexico discovering the grand Canyon of the Colorado River and enormous herds of bison. | |
| 453933842 | Fundamental Orders | The constitution of the Connecticut River colony drawn up in 1639, it established a government controlled in democratic style by the "substantial" citizens. | |
| 453933843 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | |
| 453933844 | House of Burgesses | The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts. | |
| 453933845 | Indentured Servitude | the system of temporary servitude, where young men and women bound themselves to masters for fixed terms of servitude, in exchange for passage to America, food and shelter. This method of labor was one of the largest elements of colonial population in America. | |
| 453933846 | Jacob Leisler | German immigrant that helped overthrow the Dominion governor. He assumed the office of governor of New York without King's permission and controlled province with help from the militia. When the King appointed a new governor, ------ hesitated to give up his authority, so he was tried with treason and hung. | |
| 453933847 | James Oglethorpe | Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that ---------- was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and---------- to lose his position as governor. | |
| 453933848 | John Peter Zenger | Published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found not guilty. The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies. | |
| 453933849 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. | |
| 453933850 | John Smith | Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. | |
| 453933851 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, -------- (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. | |
| 453933852 | Johnathan Edwards | an american theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival called the GREAT AWAKENING known for siners in the hands of an angry god sermon | |
| 453933853 | King Philip | Leader of the Native Americans who kept attacking settlers in New England. After he was killed, his head was displayed on a pole for 25 years | |
| 453933854 | L'anse aux Meadows | Site where Viking artifacts were found, indicating their presence around 1000 A.D. | |
| 453933855 | Leisler's Rebellion | Jacob ------- seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troop | |
| 453933856 | Mayflower Compact | This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule. | |
| 453933857 | Mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | |
| 453933858 | Nathaniel Bacon | a farmer in the backcountry, his resentment of Berkeley and the unbalanced power of the Virginia government, lead to a rebellion, by him and other backcountry farmers. When Berkeley refused to let ------- and other farmers fight nearby Indians, he went into Jamestown, with his own militia, burned most of the city, and drove Berkeley out of town. | |
| 453933859 | Pocahontas | A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617;--------- brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations. | |
| 453933860 | Pope's Rebellion | Sparked by the Spanish Catholic missionaries' efforts to suppress native religious customs, in 1680, Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic Church in New Mexico and killed hundreds of priests and settlers. The Pueblo Indians built a Kiva (a ceremonial religious chamber) on top of the ruins of the Spanish Plaza in Santa Fe. It took the Spaniards almost half a century to reclaim New Mexico | |
| 453933861 | Powhatan | Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians,------------ left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until---------- death. | |
| 453933862 | Quaker | A religious group that believe all people are equal and are basically good. They feel that violence is always wrong, and refused to carry guns or fight. They also believe in solving all problems peacefully. | |
| 453933863 | Half-Way Covenant | ..., A Puritan church document; In 1662, the ---------------------allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations. | |
| 453937213 | Richard Hakluyt | ..., English promoter of exploration. In 1584 he wrote A Discourse of Western Planting in which he pleaded for colonies to accomplish diverse objects: to extend the reformed religion, to expand trade, to supply England's needs from her own dominions, and various other reasons for exploration. | |
| 453950937 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. | |
| 453950938 | Thomas Hooker | A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government. | |
| 453950939 | Three Sisters | Beans, Corn, Squash | |
| 453950940 | Treaty Of Tordesillas | Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. | |
| 453950941 | Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | |
| 453950942 | Walter Raleigh | Received a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to explore the American coastline. His ships landed on Roanoke, which became a "lost colony." | |
| 453950943 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. | |
| 453950944 | Marco Polo | His stories of China inspired people to explore the new world |
