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5092099695demographyThe scientific study of population characteristics.0
5092099696overpopulationThe number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.1
5092102544ecumeneThe portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.2
5092105389crude-arithmetic densityThe total number of people divided by the total land area3
5092114415physiological- nutritional densityThe number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture4
5092116075agricultural densityThe ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture5
5092118883crude birth rate (CBR)total number of live births per every 1000 people per year6
5092120070crude death rate (CDR)total number of deaths per every 1000 people per year7
5092122377natural increase rateThe percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.8
5092122378doubling timeThe number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.9
5092125437total fertility rateThe average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.10
5092126906infant mortality rateThe total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.11
5092129596life expectancy...12
5092131087demographic transitionThe process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.13
5092134352First agricultural revolutiondating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication14
5092136406industrial revolutionA series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.15
5092137557medical revolutionMedical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.16
5092139086zero population growthA decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.17
5092140723population pyramidA bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.18
5092141742dependency ratioThe number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.19
5092141743sex ratioThe number of males per 100 females in the population.20
5092143755Thomas MalthusEighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.21
5092145865Neo-Malthusiansgroup who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources22
5092147464Epidemiologic transitionDistinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.23
5092152787endemic(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field24
5092152826pandemicDisease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.25
5092154481arableSuitable for growing crops26
5092155701population concentrationAreas of the world with large population density.27
5092159410linear ( arithmetic) growth...28
5092162123exponential growthGrowth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate29
5092163780stationary population levelThe level at which a national population ceases to grow30
5092165095family planningProviding information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.31
5092174372expansive- pro-natal population polocies...32
5092179098eugenic population policies...33
5092182197restrictive anti-natal population policies...34
5092184030negative population growth...35
5092185932one-child policyA program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.36
5092185933censusA complete enumeration of a population.37
5092187362baby boomA cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.38
5092189087population explosion...39
5092189088J-curve...40
5092191603Cairo Plan...41
5092191604carrying capacity...42
5092193481S-curve...43
5092194622echo boom...44
5092199919fecundity...45
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