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| 11357231063 | Socratic Method | way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves | 0 | |
| 11357268501 | Golden Mean | Aristotle's term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes | 1 | |
| 11357281362 | Zoroastrianism | A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. | 2 | |
| 11357312032 | Cryus the Great | founder of the Persian Empire | 3 | |
| 11357315745 | Delian League | an alliance of ancient Greek states formed in 478-77 bc to fight Persia | 4 | |
| 11357351048 | Peloponnesian League | League created and led by Sparta that consisted of Spartan and their allies | 5 | |
| 11357372097 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 6 | |
| 11357384158 | Monarchies | systems of government in which unelected kings or queens rule | 7 | |
| 11357394623 | Aristocracy | the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices. | 8 | |
| 11357406515 | Oligarchy | a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by the few. | 9 | |
| 11357420238 | Tryants | a cruel and oppressive ruler | 10 | |
| 11357432593 | Democracy | government by the people | 11 | |
| 11357442015 | Representative Democracy | a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf | 12 | |
| 11357461208 | Direct Democracy | Government in which citizens vote on laws and select officials directly. | 13 | |
| 11357483103 | Hoplites | a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece. | 14 | |
| 11357493023 | Helots | member of the lowest class; slaves | 15 | |
| 11357512960 | Satraps | a governor of a province under the ancient Persian monarchy. | 16 | |
| 11357539400 | common currency | A form of money that was accepted across the Persian Empire; made trade simpler | 17 | |
| 11357542304 | Royal Road | A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire | 18 | |
| 11357564770 | checks and balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | 19 | |
| 11357576380 | Laws of the 12 tables | 12 publicly displayed tablets that had listed the rights of the Ancient Roman citizens for all to see | 20 | |
| 11357587339 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 21 | |
| 11357597325 | Sparticus rebellion | a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic c.100 b.c.e | 22 | |
| 11357600865 | Battle of Actium | final battle between the forces of Octavian and those of Cleopatra and Marc Antony; resulted in final victory for Octavian; 31 BC | 23 | |
| 11357616665 | Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome. | 24 | |
| 11357621084 | Edict of Milan | a letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. | 25 | |
| 11357632521 | Jesus Christ | A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God. | 26 | |
| 11357636192 | Paul | Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world. | 27 | |
| 11357639439 | Christianity | A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus | 28 | |
| 11357647660 | Martyrdom | the condition, sufferings, or death of a martyr. extreme suffering; torment. | 29 | |
| 11357660654 | stirrup | device for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E. | 30 | |
| 11357669690 | Gupta Dynasty | Indian Empire (320 CE-550 CE) known for re-establishing Hinduism and for achievements in math and science. | 31 | |
| 11357672179 | Dharma | the religious and moral duties of an individual | 32 | |
| 11357676655 | Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation | 33 | |
| 11357695470 | Siddhartha Gautama | Buddha | 34 | |
| 11357700653 | Four Nobal Truths | as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism | 35 | |
| 11357712618 | Nirvana | a condition of great peace or happiness | 36 | |
| 11357718021 | Daoism | A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. | 37 | |
| 11357738484 | Confucius | Founder of Confucianism | 38 | |
| 11357748072 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 39 | |
| 11357758132 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes | lanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China | 40 | |
| 11357773660 | Silk Road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 41 | |
| 11357779550 | city-state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. | 42 | |
| 11357796884 | slash and burn agriculture | a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land | 43 |
