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| 7361496307 | Alliteration | "Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence. Example: Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary. " | 0 | |
| 7361501057 | Allusion | "Brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitous, or to be a work of art. Example: ""He was a real Romeo with the ladies."" Romeo was a character in teh play Romeo and Juliet an was very romantic in expressing his love. " | 1 | |
| 7361506473 | Analogy | "Drawing a comparison in order to show a similiarity in some respect. Example: ""The operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working of the brain.""" | 2 | |
| 7361509287 | Analyze | To break down into parts in order to understand the whole. | 3 | |
| 7361513275 | Anaphora | "Repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines (a form of parallelism). Example: ""So turn off your television sets. Turn them off now! Turn them off right now! Turn them off and leave them off..." | 4 | |
| 7361515541 | Anecdote | Short, usually funny account of an event. | 5 | |
| 7361526208 | Antecedent | "A noun to which a pronoun refers. Example: The man on the boat thinks he is safe without a life jacket. (man = antecdent he = personal pronoun)" | 6 | |
| 7361529994 | Antithesis | "Opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel contstruction. Example: ""We must live together as brothers or perish as fools."" " | 7 | |
| 7361534300 | Argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. | 8 | |
| 7367021509 | Audience | Who is the piece written for/to; message, expectation on the reader/listener | 9 | |
| 7367024157 | Bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. | 10 | |
| 7367029583 | Claim | A conclusion we are seeking to establish- an assertion of belief (our thesis) | 11 | |
| 7367032970 | Compare/Contrast | To compare means to bring both similarities and differences with the emphasis on similarities. To contrast is to stress only the differences. | 12 | |
| 7367040001 | Connotation | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition or denotation. | 13 | |
| 7367045030 | Counter argument | A challenge to a position, an opposing argument | 14 | |
| 7367059213 | Cumulative Sentence | Clarifies or qualifies an idea state in a prededing base clause. | 15 | |
| 7367066549 | Declarative Sentence | states a fact or argument without requiring either an answer or action from the reader. | 16 | |
| 7367072724 | Deduction | A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case. | 17 | |
| 7367076774 | Define | to give clear, concise meaning to a term. | 18 | |
| 7367092633 | Describe | To give a word picture of something: to tell a story in detail. | 19 | |
| 7367096698 | Details | What are the facts; example, definition, division and classification, description | 20 | |
| 7367101235 | Diagram | To organize in a graphic way, to chart, to draw, sketch or outline. | 21 | |
| 7367108818 | Diction | The manner in which something is expressed in words (WORD CHOICE) | 22 | |
| 7367114310 | Ethos | An appeal based on the character of the speaker. An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author. | 23 | |
| 7367125472 | Evaluate | To assess: to show worth or lack of worth of a particular "something" To give a judgement of value both positive and negative. | 24 | |
| 7367134490 | Explain | To make plain, to clarify, to analyze and account for. | 25 | |
| 7367151646 | Extended Metaphor | Also call a conceit, is a metaphor that continues into the sentences that follow. An extended metaphor is also a metaphor develop at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 26 | |
| 7367156244 | Figurative | Going beyond literal meaning using figures of speech such as: metaphor, irony, simile, etc to achieve literary effect | 27 | |
| 7367164201 | Fragment Sentence | Incomplete sentences. They usually lack a subject, predicate, or an agreement between the two. | 28 | |
| 7367170643 | Genre | A category of artistic composition in music or literature | 29 | |
| 7367177940 | Hyperbole | Exaggeration; used to create emphasis. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, and is not meant to be taken literally. | 30 | |
| 7367197420 | Imperative Sentence | A sentence that requests or commands. | 31 | |
| 7367199573 | Implication | Something suggested to be inferred or understood | 32 | |
| 7367211755 | Interrogative Sentence | Asks a direct question and always ends in a question mark. | 33 | |
| 7367219916 | Irony | A word or expression that involves differences between what is expected and what occurs; when taken in context, may actually mean the opposite of what is written literally. | 34 | |
| 7367225920 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts. | 35 | |
| 7367232215 | Logos | An appeal based on logic or reason. Documents distributed by companies or corporations are logos driven, as well as, scholarly documents. | 36 | |
| 7367240234 | Metaphor | A figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally indicate in order to suggest a similarity (NOT USING 'like' or 'as') | 37 | |
| 7367243767 | Metonomy | Using a single feature to represent the whole. | 38 | |
| 7367248207 | Occasion | When and where and in what situation; place, context, or current situation that created the reason for the author to write | 39 | |
| 7367133235 | Thesis Statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit. | 40 | |
| 7367141789 | Thesis | The central idea in a work to which all the parts or the work refer. | 41 | |
| 7367245676 | Oxymoron | "Conjoining contradictory terms Example: "deafening silence" "jumbo shrimp" | 42 | |
| 7367164444 | Syntax | The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences (Sentence structure). | 43 | |
| 7367203535 | Sentence Variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect. | 44 | |
| 7367242272 | Paradox | "Self contradicion Example: ""I might not always be right, but I'm never wrong""" | 45 | |
| 7367199779 | Simile | A figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with 'like' or 'as') | 46 | |
| 7367129290 | Understatement | "Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect. Example: ""The desert is sometimes dry and sandy"" - While describing the driest desert in the world. " | 47 | |
| 7367239356 | Parallelism | "Using similar grammatical forms of sentence patterns to express ideas of equal importance. Example: "Patrick Henry said, 'Give me liberty or give me death!" | 48 | |
| 7367124985 | Voice | Distictive quality in style and tone of writing. KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE. | 49 | |
| 7367207070 | Rhetoric | As Aristotle defined the term, "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. In other words, it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience. | 50 | |
| 7367236197 | Pathos | An appeal based on emotion. Advertisments tend to be pathos-driven. | 51 | |
| 7367232729 | "Periodic Sentence" | "A long, complex, grammatically correct sentence. The main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause. It's effective when it's used to arouse interest and curiosity, to hold an idea in suspense before its final revelation. Example: For a long time these demonstrations were confined to tragic-comedies, or comedies larmoyantes, in which the gesticulating characters, often morbid, always extravagant, were united at curtain fall, but when they transposed to a form of tragedy, dealing with contemporary problems, as they were in the works of the pre-Revelutionary dramatist Louise-Sebastien Mercier, one is already very close to the more rhetorical aspect of Romantic paintings. " | 52 | |
| 7367180721 | SOAPS | A mnemonic device that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker. It is a way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation. | 53 | |
| 7367226304 | Purpose | The goal the speaker wants to achieve. | 54 | |
| 7367173478 | Subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about. | 55 | |
| 7367167625 | Synecdoche | "The use of synecdoche is a common way to emphasize an important aspect of a fictional character; for example, a character might be consistently described by a single body part, such as the eyes or a scar, which come to represent the character. This is often used when the main character does not know or care about the names of the characters that he/she is referring to. Example: ""The ship was lost with all hands [sailors]."" OR ""His parents bought him a new set of wheels [car].""" | 56 | |
| 7367229307 | Personification | "Attribution of human form or other characteristics to anything other than a human being. Example: ""The leaves waved in the wind."" The sun smiles at us."" " | 57 | |
| 7367156301 | Synthesize | opportunity to create new knowledge out of already existing knowledge, i.e., other sources. | 58 | |
| 7367176568 | Speaker | The person or group who creates a text. This might be a politician who delivers a speech, a commentator who writes an article, an artist who draws a cartoon, or even a company that commissions an advertisement. | 59 | |
| 7367222554 | Rebuttal | Statements recognizing the opposing side, while refuting their claims. | 60 | |
| 7367367886 | Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience. The quality of something that reveals the attitudes and presuppositions of the author. KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE | 61 | |
| 8862829527 | Bandwagon Appeal (aka ad populum) | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everyone's doing it" | 62 | |
| 8862836376 | Appeal to false authority | The fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority. A TV star, for instance, is not a medical expert, even though pharmaceutical advertisment often use celebrity endorcement. | 63 | |
| 8862846576 | Circular reasoning | "A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence. Example: ""You cant give me a C; I'm an A student!""" | 64 | |
| 8862852250 | Claim of fact | "A claim that asserts that something is true or not true. Example: ""The number of suicides and homicides committed by teenagers, most often young men, has exploded in the last three decades...""" | 65 | |
| 8862863565 | Claim of Policy | A claim that proposes a change. | 66 | |
| 8862869115 | Claim of Value | A claim that argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. | 67 | |
| 8862872659 | Closed Thesis | A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make. Example: The 3-dementional characters, exciting plot, and the complex themes of the Harry Potter series make them not only legendary childrens book but also enduring literary classics." | 68 | |
| 8862885825 | First Hand Evidence | Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events. | 69 | |
| 8862889133 | Hasty Generalization | "A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached between inadequate evidence Example: ""Smoking isn't bad for you; my great aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90." | 70 | |
| 8862899505 | Induction | Form the Latin inducere, "to lead into"; a logical process whereby the writer reasons from the particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization. Examples: "Regular exercise promotes weight loss", "Exercise lowers stress levels", "Exercise improves mood and outlook", "Exercise contributes to better health". | 71 | |
| 8862909618 | Logical fallacy | potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make logical connections between the claim and the evidence used to support it. | 72 | |
| 8862913051 | Open Thesis | A thesis that does not list all the points that the writer intends to cover in an essay. Example: ""The popularity of the Harry Potter series demonstrates that simplicity trumps complexity when it comes to the taste of the readers, both young and old.""" | 73 | |
| 8862928748 | Qualifier | Uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to the temper of the claim, making it less absolute. | 74 | |
| 8862944905 | Quantitative Evidence | evidence that includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers- for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, census information. | 75 | |
| 8862952479 | Second-hand Evidence | Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data. | 76 | |
| 9051492474 | ad hominem | When the speaker abandons the argument to attack the opponent Example: Her economic plan is impressive, but remember: this is a woman who spent 6 weeks in the Betty Ford Center getting treatment for alcoholism. | 77 | |
| 9051492475 | False Analogy | Using an analogy as proof; although 2 situations may be similar in several ways, it does not follow that they are similar in every way; thus an analogy, while it may feel persuasive; is not logically conclusive. Example: Since Mayor Perry has been in office, our city has had a blanked budget; if he were governor, the state budget would finally be balance. | 78 | |
| 9051492476 | red herring | Cheap ploy to divert the audience from the real or central issue to some irrelevant detail Example: "Hey look! It's Elvis!" in a crowded room after spilling red wine on one's shirt. | 79 |
