Terms : Hide Images
| 5277487262 | BEGGING THE QUESTION (or circular argument) | This fallacy avoids proving the truth of the conclusion by ASSUMING the truth of it in advance. | 0 | |
| 5277487263 | EITHER-OR | the two-alternatives fallacy; Would you rather have a senator who is handsome and dumb or one who is ugly and intelligent? | 1 | |
| 5277487264 | FALSE ANALOGY | trying to PROVE a point by analogy; You shouldn't change in midstream; therefore you must reelect Senator X | 2 | |
| 5277487265 | HYPOTHESIS CONTRARY TO FACT | drawing conclusions without looking at all of the facts; The Pony Express stopped running in 1861. It must have been a failure. | 3 | |
| 5277487266 | FAULTY CAUSE AND EFFECT | confusing coincidental time sequence with genuine causation, sometimes called POST HOC; Everytime I forget my umbrella, it rains, therefore I cause the rain by leaving my umbrella at home, and I can guarantee a nice day by bringing my umbrella. | 4 | |
| 5277487267 | BANDWAGON APPEAL | it's the "everybody is doing it" argument. | 5 | |
| 5277487268 | TESTIMONIAL | association; George Washington once made the same point as Senator X. It's the Christian thing to do, because, as Jesus says,... | 6 | |
| 5277487269 | APPEAL TO PITY | We should reelect Senator X; after all, he has a crippled mother, and his wife just died. | 7 | |
| 5277487270 | AD POPULEM | appeal to the people, to what they want to hear or to what they fear; We know we can count on you, the generous American. We don't want those people coming with their "red" ideas, do we? | 8 | |
| 5277487271 | HASTY GENERALIZATION | this is a conclusion drawn from too few samples; That the students are smoking in the cafeteria leads me to conclude that most college students smoke. | 9 | |
| 5277487272 | NAME CALLING | Poisoning the Well or Ad Hominem; Senator X just divorced his wife. How can his proposal be any good? | 10 | |
| 5277487273 | UNQUALIFICATION GENERALIZATION | Dicto Simpliciter; Beware of words like always, all, never, every: complex situations are simply not that black-and-white. | 11 | |
| 5277599771 | Semicolon | Pause, plus sign, sense of balance, similarity, or contrast. | 12 | |
| 5277599772 | Colon | Pointers "pay attention to this!". Lead-in for complex sentences, phrases or single words, create drama, catch the reader's attention | 13 | |
| 5277599773 | Dashes | Focus on important, additional details, add information | 14 | |
| 5277599774 | Ellipsis Points | Create a pause or hesitation to build anticipation. | 15 | |
| 5277599775 | Allusion | Connection that illuminates one situation by comparing it to another similar, but usually more famous one with historical or literary connections | 16 | |
| 5277599776 | Analogy | Comparing two things, often point by point, to show similarity or suggest that if two concepts, phenomena, events or people are like in one way, that they are probably alike in other ways as well. | 17 | |
| 5277599777 | Antonomasia | Substituting a descriptive phrase for a proper name | 18 | |
| 5277599778 | Hyperbole | Use of an overstatement for special effect | 19 | |
| 5277599779 | Irony | Convey meanings that are in tension with or even opposite of their literal meanings | 20 | |
| 5277599780 | Metaphor | Creates or implies a comparison between two things | 21 | |
| 5277599781 | Metonymy | Using a particular object to stand for a general concept | 22 | |
| 5277599782 | Oxymoron | States a paradox or contradiction | 23 | |
| 5277599783 | Rhetorical Question | Questions posed that don't require answers | 24 | |
| 5277599784 | Signifying | Writer cleverly and often humorously needles another person | 25 | |
| 5277599785 | Simile | Uses like or as to compare two things | 26 | |
| 5277599786 | Understatement | Quiet message to make a point | 27 | |
| 5277599787 | Anaphora | Effective repetition | 28 | |
| 5277599788 | Antithesis | Use of parallel words or sentence structure to highlight contrasts or opposition. | 29 | |
| 5277599789 | Inverted Word Order | Not in the usual subject-verb-object order | 30 | |
| 5277599790 | Parallelism | Grammatically similar phrases or clauses for special effect. | 31 |
