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| 231261560 | Magyars | Muslims who attacked Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary, barbarian people who migrated into southern Europe, and in the early 10th century ad occupied Hungary, from where their horsemen raided into France, Italy, Germany, and even Spain | 0 | |
| 231261561 | Mehemet II | Restored the Ottoman military to it's former power. Kept empire expanding. Defeated the Venetians, invaded Hungary, overcame Italian crusaders,repelled by Greek Fire | 1 | |
| 231261562 | Methodius | Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 2 | |
| 231261563 | Nike Revolt | A revolt in which riots were started due to team rivalries in the chariot races (specifically the Greens and Blues). Justinian arrested the leaders of the Greens and Blues and sentenced them to hang, which made the people angry. The revolt happened in the Hippodrome against Justinian for imprisoning the leaders of two chariot racing groups. His actions of slaughtering all the rebels at once was considered one of the bloodiest things ever decreed by an emperor against his own people. | 3 | |
| 231261564 | Ordeal System | An early form of Medieval justice: a task was assigned for wrongdoing. | 4 | |
| 231261565 | Pope Innocent II | Most powerful pope; claimed to rule the whole world; covened 4th Lateran Council---annual confession of sin mass on Easter, mass became sacrifice, Jews live in ghettos, declared ordeal system was "irrational" | 5 | |
| 231261566 | Pope Innocent III | clashed with King John and won; Church reached height of political power under his papacy; believed pope was the supreme judge of all European affairs; used interdicts, initiated the Fourth Crusade. Summoned the Albigension Crusade. Creates order of the Franciscans- formed to fight heresy. | 6 | |
| 231261567 | Procopius | Historian of the Byzantine Empire who in his "Secret History" revealed the cruelty of the autocratic system in which the emperor ruled by divine providence., Wrote two histories of Byzantine Emperor Justinian's rule. One good and sponsored by Justinian, one bad and secret. | 7 | |
| 231261568 | Ravenna | Capital in Western Roman Empire, more strategic than Rome, easily accessible by sea from Constantinople and gave access to Rhine frontier (area of greatest military urgency). | 8 | |
| 231261569 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian(Swedish), regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E. | 9 | |
| 231261570 | Rus | Slavic word for "Viking"; land Rurik the Viking ruled was called "Rus" or "Russia" | 10 | |
| 231261571 | Russia | formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia | 11 | |
| 231261572 | Russian Orthodox | Church that developed under Vladimir I whose priests were trained from church leaders imported from Byzantium. This king characteristically ruled over the church as well as many major appointments, shows east west divide. | 12 | |
| 231261573 | Secret History | Written by the historian Procopius; says bad things about Justinian and his wife(Theodora); published posthomuously | 13 | |
| 231261574 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from Central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in the name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century; able to restore political initiative to the much reduced caliphate; ended threat of Shi'a conquest | 14 | |
| 231261575 | Siege of Constantinople | The Ottoman Empire(Sultan conquered Constantinople in 1453. Through expansion into the Balkans and the Mediterranean the Ottoman empire gained political stability. From a European perspective this event ended the Middle Ages and gave way for the Renaissance. | 15 | |
| 231261576 | Tatars | Mongols who captured Russian cities and destroyed the Kievan state in 1236. However, they left the Russian Orthodox church and aristocracy intact. | 16 | |
| 231261577 | Theodora | The wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. Was seen as being overambitious, and power hungry by the public. | 17 | |
| 231261578 | tsar | From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). | 18 | |
| 231261579 | Vladimir I | Grand prince of Kiev who converted to Orthodox Christianity and made it the state religion, One of the first Czars; Tried to expand south, which conflicted with Byzantine Empire. Eventually formed deal with emperor of BE | 19 | |
| 231261580 | Yaroslav | Vladimir's son became a Grand Prince in A.D. 1019. Under his rule, Kievan culture reached its "Golden Age". First library established and legal system organized. | 20 |
