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| 8377757201 | Compass | Uses electromagnetivity to determine the True North |  | 0 |
| 8377761684 | Astrolabe | Determines the location of where you are depending on astral bodies in the night sky |  | 1 |
| 8377761685 | Caravel | A small but fast ship that can be steered with accuracy A ship with three masts and an array of square and lanteen sails |  | 2 |
| 8377769225 | Improvements to Technology | Compass Astrolabe Caravel Shipboard Cannons |  | 3 |
| 8377774172 | Prince Henry | The King of Portugal Founded a school for sailing and navigation Sent navigators along the West and South coast of Africa, claiming the Azores Islands Began trade along the coast of Africa |  | 4 |
| 8377774173 | Bartholomew Diaz | 1488 Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope |  | 5 |
| 8377774174 | Vasco De Gama | 1497 Sailed beyond the Cape of Good Hope, across the Indian Ocean, making a connection from Portugal to Asia |  | 6 |
| 8377780224 | Christopher Colombus | Born in Genoa, Italy (1451) Later settled in Lisbon, Portugal. Here he created plans for the "Enterprise of the Indies" with his brother Batholomew. On August 3, 1492, sailed south from Palos to the Canary Islands. After this he traveled West to the Bahamas Landed on San Salvador after 33 days Returned to Spain on March 15, 1493 Columbus made a total of 4 voyages, each time using ocean currents to help him navigate He died thinking he had reached China instead of the "New World" 1506 |  | 7 |
| 8432892893 | The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria | The ships that Columbus sailed on to the Americas |  | 8 |
| 8377780225 | Queen Isabella | Financed Columbus's project to go to the America's It took 6 years for her to finally be convinced to allow his voyage to take place |  | 9 |
| 8377796617 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Issued by Pope Alexander VI (1493) Drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic, with Spain receiving all land to the West and Portugal to the East This lane was moved farther west in 1500 |  | 10 |
| 8377801758 | Amerigo Vespucci | His first name in Latin is Americus Made several voyages from 1497-1503 for Spain and Portugal Believed the land he saw was a "New World," separate from Asia A German mapmaker called this land "America" after reading Vespucci's descriptions of the new lands |  | 11 |
| 8377809631 | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Crossed the Isthmus of Panama, reaching the vast ocean (1513) It was now proven that the New World was separate from Asia |  | 12 |
| 8377844795 | Juan Ponce De Leon | Sailed with Columbus on his 2nd voyage Was the governor of Puerto Rico for 2 years Landed near St. Augustine and named the land Florida (1513) |  | 13 |
| 8377844796 | Ferdinand Magellan | Sailed for Spain in 1519 with 5 ships Crossed the Atlantic and sailed around Cape Horn into a different Ocean. Named this ocean the Pacific, or Pacificus meaning "Peaceful" Claimed Philippines for Spain but died there (1521) One final ship and 18 crew members returned to Spain (1522) Completed the 1st round world voyage |  | 14 |
| 8377849112 | Age of Discovery Summary | Christopher Columbus- 1492 John Cabot- 1497 Amerigo Vespucci- 1507 Vasco Balboa- 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon- 1513 Ferdinand Magellan- 1519 Hernando Cortez- 1521 Francisco Pizzaro- 1531 Jacques Cartier- 1534 Francis de Coronado- 1540 Sir Francis Drake- 1578 |  | 15 |
| 8377855756 | Mercantilism | The relationship between mother country and colony |  | 16 |
| 8377855757 | Economic Theory | The premise that a country should do all it can to increase its wealth |  | 17 |
| 8377859468 | Colonies | A new settlement in a foreign land established by a country |  | 18 |
| 8377859469 | Mother Country | The founding country that establishes a colony |  | 19 |
| 8377869386 | Cape Horn | The Southern tip of South America |  | 20 |
| 8377869387 | Cape of Good Hope | The Southern tip of Africa |  | 21 |
| 8377876628 | New World | The Americas |  | 22 |
| 8377900628 | Pedro Cabral | Reached the East Coast of Brazil, extending the Treaty of Tordesillas line |  | 23 |
| 8378594416 | Renaissance Timeframe | 1300-1600 C.E. |  | 24 |
| 8378594417 | Bubonic Plague Timeframe | 1347 C.E. |  | 25 |
| 8378599229 | Columbus's First Voyage Year | 1492 |  | 26 |
| 8378646628 | Guild | A sworn association of people who gather for a common purpose, usually economic Regulated prices, wages, quality and quantity of trade, recruitment, training, and certifications. Presided over trade locally Had a rudimentary social structure, with apprentices, journeymen, and master craftsmen |  | 27 |
| 8465723648 | Hanseatic League | An international group of merchants The most powerful/influential guild during the Renaissance Era |  | 28 |
| 8378657002 | Thomas Aquinas | A Christian Theologian Paved the way for the new ideas of the Renaissance- His synthesis of logic and faith became the new standard Orthodoxy of Roman Catholicism Wrote the Suma Theologica Advocated for doctrine reforms in the Catholic Church about business |  | 29 |
| 8378661682 | Textile Manufacturers | Northern Italy & Flanders |  | 30 |
| 8378671885 | Suma Theologica | A major compendium of theological teachings Written by Thomas Aquinas |  | 31 |
| 8378675811 | Humanism | The belief that the proper study of man is man Asserted the importance of the individual, presumably over God, challenging the ideals of the Catholic Church |  | 32 |
| 8378681985 | Black Death | 1347 Also known as the Bubonic Plague Surfaced in the Middle East Spread on trade routes, especially Italian merchant trade ships and the Silk Road Killed 1/3 of the population in Europe, and 1/2 people in China |  | 33 |
| 8378681986 | Renaissance | Derived form the French word "rebirth" A period of cultural and intellectual creativity in Western Europe |  | 34 |
| 8378695178 | European Agricultural Revolution | A period of agricultural productivity increasing A crop surplus increase the standard of living, allowing others to change occupations This caused a flourishing in trade and merchant sales |  | 35 |
| 8378710698 | Universities | They preserved, enhanced, and transmitted knowledge People studied typically studied theology, law, and medecine |  | 36 |
| 8378710699 | Art Partron | Art patrons were the fuel for artists, becoming an integral part of the Renaissance They payed the artists, allowing these artists to make a living One exceptional family was the Medici Family |  | 37 |
| 8378715546 | Renaissance Artists | Raphael Michaelangelo Donatello Leonardo |  | 38 |
| 8461380310 | Raphael | A famous Renaissance architect and painter Painted the School of Athens and the Transfiguration |  | 39 |
| 8461380311 | Micahaelangelo | A famous Renaissance sculptist and painter Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Built the Statue of David |  | 40 |
| 8461383618 | Donatello | A famous Renaissance sculptor Built the Statue of David and the Goliath |  | 41 |
| 8461383619 | Leonardo Da Vinci | A famous Renaissance painter Painted the Last Supper, the Vitruvian Man, and the Mona Lisa |  | 42 |
| 8378732420 | Ghettos | A place segregated for Jews to live in Jewish people were discriminated and stigmatized against |  | 43 |
| 8378732421 | Attitudes of the Church | The Catholic Church originally did not believe in the greed of business However overtime, this idea transformed to adopt the profit of business |  | 44 |
| 8378737637 | Renaissance Roots | The Agricultural Revolution created a stable economy, allowing for the making of the Renaissance The Abbasid Empire also preserved the works of the Greeks and the Romans |  | 45 |
| 8378756531 | Protestant Reformation | A religious revolution that began in Germany (1500's) People did not enjoy the ideals of the Catholic Church, as people could buy indulgences with money Pope Leo X accepted these money bribes to further enrichen the Catholic Church |  | 46 |
| 8378756532 | Martin Luther | A monk living in Wittenberg, Germany (1517) where he taught at a university Wrote 95 "theses" and posted them on the doors of his church Was declared a heretic and was thus excommunicated He was brought to the Diet of Worms, where he refused to renounce his ideas and was banished |  | 47 |
| 8461613867 | Lutheranism | The beliefs of Martin Luther |  | 48 |
| 8461655637 | Protestants | Followers of Lutheranism Protested the efforts of Emperor Charles V to suppress Lutheranism |  | 49 |
| 8461667748 | Charles V | Attempted to destroy Lutheranism Sent his armies against Protestant princes Peace was eventually reached in 1555 |  | 50 |
| 8378759350 | 95 Theses | 95 statements critical of the Catholic Church and its sale of indulgences |  | 51 |
| 8378759351 | Diet of Worms | A special meeting of the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire This council tried Luther, trying to convince him to renounce his ideas |  | 52 |
| 8378766456 | Peace of Augsburg | 1555 Allowed for each German ruler to have the right to choose the religion for his state |  | 53 |
| 8378773168 | Anabaptists | A branch of the Lutheran church. They believed that infants should not receive baptism as they should have the choice to be baptized Persecution lead to them migrating to America |  | 54 |
| 8378776954 | Branches of Anabaptism | Amish Mennonites Hutterties |  | 55 |
| 8378776955 | Calvinists | The believers of John Calvin and his beliefs They believed in predestination |  | 56 |
| 8378776956 | John Calvin | The leader of the Calvinist movement |  | 57 |
| 8378782415 | Puritans | English Calvinists |  | 58 |
| 8378793144 | Predestination | The belief that God already knew who would be saved, and it would be predetermined by birth |  | 59 |
| 8378793145 | Huguenots | French Protestants Persecution drove them to immigrate to America (Late 1600's) |  | 60 |
| 8378796293 | The Counter Reformation | A campaign made by the Catholic Church against Protestants (1530's) Became a movement to foster a more spiritual outlook |  | 61 |
| 8378815546 | Pope Paul II | Appointed devoted and educated men as bishops and cardinals Brought the idea of the Inquistion to Rome, where heretics would be burned at the stake | 62 | |
| 8378815547 | Pope Leo X | Accepted indulgences for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome Excommunicated Martin Luther, declaring him a heretic | 63 | |
| 8378815548 | The Council of Trent | 1545-1563 Church leaders met in Trent, Italy to agree on basic doctrines of the Church | 64 | |
| 8378824256 | Doctrines of Council of Trent | 1. The Church's interpretation of the Bible was final 2. Christians needed faith and good works for salvation 3. The Bible and Church tradition are equal authorities for guiding Christian life 4. The selling of indulgences was banned 5. The concept of pre-destination was rejected 6. Art and architecture promoted to honor the Catholic faith | 65 | |
| 8378833600 | Ignatius de Loyola | Founded the Society of Jesuits (1534) Became an effective agent in spreading the Catholic faith by stressing education and establishing colleges | 66 | |
| 8378861599 | Results of the Reformations | 1. The emergence of many different churches 2. A new interest in education 3. An increase in the power of national governments and a decrease in power of the pope | 67 |
