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| 14649558839 | Appeals | make a serious or urgent request, typically to the public. EX: The man appealed to the judge arguing there was not enormous the evidence to convict him. | 0 | |
| 14649558840 | Assessment | The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something EX: The teacher announced the class would have an assessment on the lesson they just learned | 1 | |
| 14649558841 | audience | the listener, viewer, or reader of a text EX: The author wrote specifically to an audience of teenage girls. | 2 | |
| 14649558842 | attitude | feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events EX: He has a positive attitude despite the unexpected changes. | 3 | |
| 14711499223 | context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. EX: In history, you must explain the context of the situation | 4 | |
| 14711499224 | occasion | The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written EX: The poet was preparing for the occasion of the ribbon cutting ceremony | 5 | |
| 14711499225 | purpose | The goal the speaker wants to achieve. EX: The authors purpose was to explain the importance of family | 6 | |
| 14711499226 | Speaker | the person or group who creates a text EX: the speaker of the poem was a teenage girl | 7 | |
| 14711499227 | Persona | The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience EX: The girl's persona was uplifting to her teammate who broke her ankle | 8 | |
| 14711499228 | subject | The topic of a text EX: IPads were the subject of the essay | 9 | |
| 14910984105 | Allusion | A reference to another work of literature, person, or event Ex: the president made an allusion to the Bible in his speech | 10 | |
| 14910984106 | Antithesis | Direct opposite Ex: the new student was the antithesis to the kid who got expelled | 11 | |
| 14910984107 | Archaic diction | old-fashioned or outdated choice of words Ex: the King James Version if the Bible uses archaic diction | 12 | |
| 14910984108 | Bias | A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific. Ex: The teacher was bias to her daughter in the English class | 13 | |
| 14910984109 | Diction | word choice Ex: the mans diction showed the employer what part of town the interviewee was from | 14 | |
| 15042852825 | Ethos | Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say. Ex: the doctor's lab coat appealed to ethos giving him credibility | 15 | |
| 15042852826 | Pathos | Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to pathos might play on the audience's values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other. Ex: the commercial used pathos by including puppies | 16 | |
| 15042852827 | Logos | Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up. Ex: the doctor used logos by telling the patient he went to school for 10 years so they should trust him | 17 | |
| 15042852828 | Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation. Ex: the missionary provided a counterargument to show the people he is not ignorant to their beliefs | 18 | |
| 15042852829 | concession | An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument. Ex: the doctor gave the patient a concession towards why they don't want the surgery | 19 | |
| 15042852830 | Refutation | A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, a refutation often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. One of the stages in classical oration, usually following the confirmation, or proof, and preceding the conclusion, or peroration. Ex: the author provided a refutation after the attack's on his ideas in his book | 20 | |
| 15162360554 | Propoganda | The spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative sense, propaganda is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause. | 21 | |
| 15162403373 | polemic | greek for "hostile". an aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others, Polemics generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit. ex: the democrats form a polemic opinion and try to get Trump impeached. | 22 | |
| 15162445842 | Connotation | meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition or denotation. Connotations are often positive or negative, and they often greatly affect the authors tone. ex: the popular girl was insecure and used connotations when talking to the nerdy girl by calling her fat. | 23 | |
| 15162464664 | denotation. | the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. ex: 4 and 8/2 have the same denotation but express different senses of the number | 24 | |
| 15274636103 | qualified arguments | an argument that is not absolute. it acknowledges the merits of an opposing views but develops a stronger case for its own position. ex- the student uses a qualified argument to appeal to the principle on why the school day should start later | 25 | |
| 15274637195 | bias | a prejudice or preconceived notion that prevents a person from approaching a topic in a neutral or an objective way ex- the argument was biased towards students because it came from a teenager | 26 | |
| 15274639126 | deduction | a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise) and applying it to a specific case (a minor premise) ex: The athlete used a deduction in his argument to the coach by telling him teenagers need their sleep therefore practice shouldn't be as early in the morning | 27 | |
| 15274641291 | equivocation | A fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive. ex: equivocation is saying we will bring our enemies to justice, or we will bring justice to them | 28 | |
| 15274645757 | hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point ex: the football player made his point by using a hyperbole saying if he didn't get enough sleep he would die | 29 |
