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| 238690126 | song empire | Empire in southern China (1127-1279; the 'Southern Song') while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. (p. 285) | 0 | |
| 238690127 | neo-confusionism | Term used to describe new approaches to understanding classic Confucian texts that became the basic ruling philosophy of China from the Song period to the twentieth century. (p. 258) | 1 | |
| 238690128 | Zen | The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as Chan, and in Korean as son. (p. 258) | 2 | |
| 238690129 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 247) | 3 | |
| 238690130 | Koryo | Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259. (p. 261) | 4 | |
| 238690131 | Tang Empire | Empire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded 618 and ended 907. The Tang emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an. (p. 245) | 5 | |
| 238690132 | Kamakura Shogunate | The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333). (p. 263) | 6 | |
| 238690133 | Flying money | first system of paper money | 7 | |
| 238690134 | Champa Rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state. (See also tributary system.) (p. 264) | 8 | |
| 238690135 | gun powder | Chinese invention that explodes when lit. Originally used in fireworks. | 9 | |
| 238690136 | movable type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. It may have been invented in Korea in the thirteenth century (p. 259) | 10 | |
| 238690137 | tibet | Country centered on the high, mountain-bounded plateau north of India. Tibetan political power occasionally extended farther to the north and west between the seventh and thirteen centuries. (p. 252) | 11 | |
| 238690138 | anasazi | Important culture of what is now the Southwest United States (1000-1300 C.E.). Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorado, the Anasazi culture built multistory residences and worshipped in subterranean buildings called kivas. (p. 278) | 12 | |
| 238690139 | aztecs | Also known as Mexica, the Aztecs created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax. (p. 275) | 13 | |
| 238690140 | maya | Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. (p. 271) | 14 | |
| 238690141 | inca | Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco. (p. 286) | 15 | |
| 238690142 | chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. (p. 270) | 16 | |
| 238690143 | khipu | System of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit information. (p. 282) | 17 | |
| 238690144 | mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. (p. 282) | 18 | |
| 238690145 | tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. (p. 275) | 19 | |
| 238690146 | teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B.C.E.-750 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. (p. 270) | 20 | |
| 238690147 | toltecs | Powerful post classic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. (p. 274) | 21 | |
| 238690148 | tributary system | A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China in exchange for trading rights or strategic alliances. (p. 247) | 22 |
