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| 99823769 | hagia sophia | domed structure that later became a mosque and a museum; it acquired a reputation for working miraculous and reportedly its columns and doors healed the illnesses of anyone who stood beside them or rubbed them | 0 | |
| 99823770 | st. basil | the patriarch of constantinople during the mid-fourth century that urged early monastery communities to adopt reforms | 1 | |
| 99823771 | greek fire | a devastating incendiary weapon used by byzantine forces both on land and on water. this weapon was a serious hazard when deployed around wooden ships. as a result of this weapon, the byzantine empire was able to hold on to anatolia, greece, and the balkan region | 2 | |
| 99823772 | ceasaropapism | this was a policy whereby the emperor of rome not only ruled as a secular lord but also played an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs | 3 | |
| 99823773 | cyril and methrodius | the most famous byzantine missionaries to slavic peoples. they conducted missions in bulgaria and moravia and devised an alphabet known as the cyrillic alphabet | 4 | |
| 99823774 | kiev | this russian city served as a conduit for the spread of byzantine cultural and religious influence throughout russia for two centuries | 5 | |
| 99823775 | justinian | the most important of the early byzantine emperors that reigned from 527-565 ce. he was an energetic and tireless worker known to his subjects as the sleepless emperor who profoundly influenced the development of the byzantine empire | 6 | |
| 99823776 | mt. athos | most famous of the austere monasteries. the strict devotion of the monks of this monastery inspired piety among the byzantine laity | 7 | |
| 99823777 | schism | this happened in 1054 ce when the byzantine patriarch and the roman pope excommunicated each other and the eastern christian church became the eastern orthodox church and the western counterpart the roman catholic church | 8 | |
| 99823778 | saljuq | most important of the nomadic turkish peoples who, in the eleventh century sent waves of invaders into anatolia. in 1071 they subjected the byzantine army to a demoralizing defeat at the battle of manzikert | 9 | |
| 99823779 | prince valdimir | this russian ruler converted to orthodox christianity in 989 and ordered his subjects to follow his example. he lauded drunkenness and reportedly maintained a harem of eight hundred girls. after his conversion, byzantine influences lowed rapidly into russia | 10 | |
| 99823780 | theodora | she was a daughter of a bear keeper in the circus and worked as a striptease artist before meeting justinian and helping him rule the byzantine empire in the mid-sixth century ce. she offered justinian advice on political, diplomatic, and theological issues, and contributed to the foundation of a grand imperial court | 11 | |
| 99823781 | theme system | this system reorganized byzantine society in response to the growing threat islam posed to its borders. the system placed an imperial province under the jurisdiction of a general who was responsible for its military and civil administration | 12 | |
| 99823782 | byzantium common wealth | this phrase has been adopted by historians to describe Byzantium's political, economic, and cultural influence throughout the mediterranean basin | 13 | |
| 99823783 | corpusivis civilis | this was issued by justinian which immediately won recognition as the definitive codification of roman law | 14 | |
| 99823784 | iconoclasm | this was a policy implemented by emperor leo III whereby all religious images were destroyed and prohibited in churches. the policy sparked protests and riots through the byzantine empire | 15 | |
| 99823785 | the fourth crusade | this event ended when constantinople was conquered and sacked in 1204. the destruction of constantinople had dealt the byzantine empire a blow from which it never completely recovered | 16 |
