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| 271464957 | (Mid Ages) Franks | Clovis - led army, wiped out last Romans in Gaul Converted to R Christianity - vs other Germanic people who were Arian - alliance w/ Church = power | 0 | |
| 271464958 | (Mid Ages) Carolingian Empire - Political | Aristocratic clan claims power 8th century Charles Martel claims throne 751 Charlemagne, Martel's grandson. founds Carolingian empire | 1 | |
| 271464959 | (Mid Ages) Carolingian Empire - Political | Centralized, extended to NE Spain, Bavaria, N Italy. Eastern kings recognized Charlemagne as their overlord. Lack of finance/adequate tax system + no $ for bureaucracy = reliance on counts | 2 | |
| 271464960 | (Mid Ages) Carolingian Empire - Political | Capital @ Aachen in modern Germany. Aristocratic "counts" = local admin. sometimes went against emperor missi dominici (envoys of the lord) oversaw local authorities to make sure they followed emperor | 3 | |
| 271464961 | (Mid Ages) Carolingian - Political | Pope Leo III proclaims Charlemagne emperor as Xmas surprise Coronation strained relations w/ Byzantine since they thought they were the "sole heirs of Rome" and now there was a new emperor apptd by the Roman Catholic Church | 4 | |
| 271464962 | (Mid Ages) Carolingian - Decline | Louis the Pious lost control of counts empire divided into 3 kingdoms by his 3 sons Invasions by Muslims, Magyars, Vikings | 5 | |
| 271464963 | (Mid Ages) Norse Peoples | homelands in Norway/Denmark/Sweden population pressure & resisting Christianity = expansion mostly merchants, some mounted raids (called Vikings) great seafarers - Canadian colony 1000 | 6 | |
| 271464964 | (Mid Ages) Regional Kingdoms | small English kingdoms merge to fight Scandinavian threat King Alfred - expanded north, successors control England til 10th century Germany - after Carolingian, local lords ruled King Otto I defeats Magyars, later cornation by Pope makes him Holy Roman Emperor, leading to org. centralized rule | 7 | |
| 271464965 | (Mid Ages) Lords & Retainers | Feudal system result of absence of cntrl govt Lord gave retainer "benefice" (usually land called fief) Later network became multitiered and too complex leading to instability | 8 | |
| 271464966 | (Mid Ages) Serfs & Manors | Serfs - slaves and peasants intermarries, gave themselves and land to lord for protection Manors - large estate controlled by lord & his deputies largely self-sufficient communities | 9 | |
| 271464967 | (Mid Ages) European Economy | heavy plows = more ag rural society - surplus was not enough for lg cities | 10 | |
| 271464968 | (Mid Ages) European Religion | FRanks = protectors of papacy Charlemagne forced Saxon Christianity By 1000 - all W Europe Roman Christianity 1054 - Roman pope and Byz patriarch excommunicate Pope Gregory I - defense from Lombards, big on penance St Benedict - monastic rules. no asceticism, chastity, obedience St Scholastica - sister, nun, guidance for religious women Monasteries = big landholders, had inns shelters orphanages, school | 11 | |
| 271464969 | (High Mid Ages) Holy Roman Empire | Investiture contest - Pope Gregory VII orders end to imperial authorities appointing church officials Emperor Henry IV excommunicated for disobedience | 12 | |
| 271464970 | (High Mid Ages) Holy Roman Empire | Frederick Barbosa - sought to absorb Italian Lombardy - papal coalition forces to give up | 13 | |
| 271464971 | (High Mid Ages) France | Capetian France: founded by Hugh Capet 987, lasts 3 centuries (less centralized) Normans - des. of Vikings in Normandy. Invaded England in 1066 w/ papal support- introduces their centralised gov't | 14 | |
| 271464972 | (High Mid Ages) Italy | Papal state - large in central Italy N Italian city-states of Florence, Bologna, Genoa, Milan, Venice prosperous Normans conquer S Italy, bring Roman Christianity | 15 | |
| 271464973 | (High Mid Ages) Iberia | Muslims ruled most of peninsula 8-11 century Christians took by late 13th (except for Granada) | 16 | |
| 271464974 | (High Mid Ages) Economy | population pressure by 10th century = clear forests/swamps Crop rotation, beans, more domestic animals = better ag techniques = books on household econ/ag methods Diet = more meat, dairy, fish, veg, legumes | 17 | |
| 271464975 | (High Mid Ages) Technology | watermills and heavy plows horseshoe & horses collar = increased land for cultivation Spain, Italy, Medi. region - new foods thru Islam Population growth from 29-79 mil btwn 800-1300 | 18 | |
| 271464976 | (High Mid Ages) Economy | urbanization, wool textile production, trade (Hanseatic League = association of trading cities, also called Hansa), letters of credit, partnerships, Champagne fairs (almost yr round marketplaces) | 19 | |
| 271464977 | (High Mid Ages) Social | Those who: pray, fight, work Chivalry & Troubadours (traveling poets, minstrels, entertainers - inspiration from Muslim Spain) Guilds - regulate production and sale of goods, quality, entry of new workers = friendship, mutual support. Some were women-only | 20 | |
| 271464978 | (High Mid Ages) Intellectual | Cathedral Schools- bishops/archbishops organized schools w/ formal curricula based on lit & philo. some offered advanced education in law, med, theology Universities - student and faculty guilds, lg schools develop into universities Aristotle - works translated from Greek -> Arabic -> Latin Scholasticism - fuse reason w/ Christianity (like neo-confucianism of Ibn Rushd's Islam) | 21 | |
| 271464979 | (High Mid Ages) Expansion | Vinland - Scandinavians colonize Ice/Greenland, Leif Ericsson travels to Vinland (Newfoundland) - Christianity spreads Teutonic Knights in Baltic region had religious and military vows reconquista of Spain by Normans (for Christianity) Crusades - Pope Urban II called Christian knights 1095 1st - French and Normans take Jerusalem 1099 by mid-13 century, 5 major crusades 4th conquers Constantinople, fail @ Palestine Muslim ideas to Europe (Aristotle, science, astronomy, numerals, paper) | 22 |
