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| 12597047307 | Cossacks | peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements. | 0 | |
| 12597080508 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 1 | |
| 12597086425 | Saint Petersburg | Founded by Peter the Great, Imperial capital of Russia; important trade city because of location of the Baltic Sea. | 2 | |
| 12597090504 | Romanov Dynasty | Dynasty that favored the nobles, reduced military obligations, expanded the Russian empire further east, and fought several unsuccessful wars, yet they lasted from 1613 to 1917. | 3 | |
| 12597117624 | Boyars | Russian nobles | 4 | |
| 12597134890 | Ivan the Terrible (IV) | Violent, killed his own son and a lot of people. Centralized Russian monarchy and started feudalism in Russia. Ruled from 1533-1594, until Romanav Empire took over. | 5 | |
| 12597171115 | Russian Orthodox Church | The church of Russia, branch of; supported the Tsar; There was a gap between poor parish peasants and rich bishops | 6 | |
| 12597194592 | Intellegentsia | Russian term denoting articulate intellectuals as a clas; 19th-century group bent on radical change in Russian political and social system; often wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from that of the West | 7 | |
| 12597194593 | Serfs | Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived | 8 | |
| 12597200199 | Catherine the Great | This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia | 9 | |
| 12599214307 | Old belief | groups that trace their origin to the religious revolt against the liturgical reforms that the Russian Orthodox Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, part of schism in Russian Orthodox church | 10 |
