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| 140691273 | Manifest Destiny | This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory. | 0 | |
| 140691274 | Mexican-American War | Polk wanted tdo also aquire California/New Mexico region. Polk resorted to an agressive method by sending troops to disputed area. US declared war on Mex. when hostilities arose. Americans captured Mexico City. Santa Anna fled, war ended | 1 | |
| 140691275 | Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free | 2 | |
| 140691276 | Mahmud II | sultan (1808- 1839), was convinced to launch reform program, wanted to be seen as restoration and not violent reform. Had conflict with Janissaries so he massacred them. | 3 | |
| 140691277 | Caudillos | Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concept of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries of Latin America. | 4 | |
| 140691278 | Zaibatsu | The large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan before World War II. | 5 | |
| 140691279 | Crimean War | a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia | 6 | |
| 140691280 | Boxer Rebellion | A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. | 7 | |
| 140691281 | La Reforma | 1855, Benito Juarez and other liberals open an era; offered hope to oppressed people of Mexico, revised the Mexican constitution to strip military power and end Church privileges; unleashed a civil war, but was still elected president in 1861; What was the era he began called? | 8 | |
| 140691282 | Tanzimat Reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 | 9 | |
| 140691283 | Alexander II | the son of Nicholas I who, as czar of Russia, introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881) | 10 | |
| 140691284 | Gauchos | Bands of mounted rural workers in the region of the Rio de la Plata; aided local caudillos in splitting apart the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata after 1816. | 11 | |
| 140691285 | Nicholas II | the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution | 12 | |
| 140691286 | Spheres of Influence | areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China) | 13 | |
| 140691287 | Bloody Sunday | 1905, peaceful protest to czar Nicholas II palace, led by Father Gapon, fired on by palace guards, 100s died | 14 | |
| 140691288 | Opium War | War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China. (p. 684) | 15 | |
| 140691289 | Treaty of Nanjing | 1842, ended Opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, not china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws. This treaty set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws. One of these were Hong Kong. | 16 | |
| 140691290 | Taiping Rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. | 17 | |
| 140691291 | Meiji Restoration | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. (See also Yamagata Aritomo.) (p. 694) | 18 | |
| 140691292 | Russo-Japanese War | Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so. | 19 |
