Rise of Islam
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| 224380591 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 0 | |
| 224380592 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231) | 1 | |
| 224380593 | Umayyad | (661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate | 2 | |
| 224380594 | Kaa'ba | Large cube in Grand Mosque, in Mecca, has a holy stone imbedded in a corner of the cube | 3 | |
| 224380595 | Quaran | the holy book of Islam | 4 | |
| 224380596 | Umma | the community of all muslims | 5 | |
| 224380597 | Sakat | handicapped, crippled, disabled | 6 | |
| 224380598 | Five Pillars | belief that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms (charity), Fasting, and Pilgrimage | 7 | |
| 224380599 | Caliph | The civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 8 | |
| 224380600 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 9 | |
| 224380601 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of muhammad | 10 | |
| 224380602 | Jihad | a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels | 11 | |
| 224380603 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | 12 | |
| 224380604 | Mu'awiya | leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civil war with Ali | 13 | |
| 224380605 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. | 14 | |
| 224380606 | shi'te | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 15 | |
| 224380607 | Jizya | Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within the Muslim empire | 16 | |
| 224380608 | Dhimmis | Non- muslims living under muslim rule (victims of jizya) | 17 | |
| 224380609 | Abbasids | the dynasty that came after the Ummayads. The ummayad lost power in AD 759 because they upset mant muslims especially in Persia. Persian Muslims thought that Arab Muslims got better treatment | 18 | |
| 224380610 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of Empire | 19 | |
| 224380611 | Ayan | The wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule. | 20 |
