Vocab for WHAP
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| 113719062 | Paleolithic Age | The old stone age ending in 12,000 BCE typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for survival/subsistence. | 0 | |
| 113719063 | Homo Sapiens | The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period. | 1 | |
| 113719064 | Neolithic Age | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; a period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals was accomplished. | 2 | |
| 113719065 | Neolithic Revolution | The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture. | 3 | |
| 113719066 | Hunting and Gathering | The original human economy, ultimately overshadowed by the growth of agriculture; groups would hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries. | 4 | |
| 113719067 | Bronze Age | From about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first invented and introduced to the Middle East, to about 1500, when it was replaced by iron | 5 | |
| 113719068 | Slash and Burn Agriculture | A system of cultivation typical of nomadic shifting groups of people. Basically forest floors were cleared with fire, and then after being cleared the grounds were used to plant. | 6 | |
| 113719069 | Band | A level of social organization normally consisting of 20-30 hunting and gathering men and women, tasks determined by gender. | 7 | |
| 113719070 | Civilization | Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and an existence of non farming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups. | 8 | |
| 113719071 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians, using a wedge-shaped stylus with clay tablets. | 9 | |
| 113719072 | Nomads | Cattle and Sheep herding societies normally located on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies. | 10 | |
| 113719073 | Mesopotamia | The civilizations in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. | 11 | |
| 113719074 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 400 BCE; created the first civilization within region, organized into city-states. | 12 | |
| 113719075 | Ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamia temple complexes. | 13 | |
| 113719076 | City-State | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisting of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king. | 14 | |
| 113719077 | Babylonian Empire | Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 BCE, and collapsed and c. 1600 BCE due to foreign invasion | 15 | |
| 113719078 | Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 BCE) | The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law. | 16 | |
| 113719079 | Pharaoh | Title of kings of ancient Egypt-supposedly divine humans. | 17 | |
| 113719080 | Pyramids | Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for Pharaohs. | 18 | |
| 113719081 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile (c. 1000 BCE); conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 19 | |
| 113719082 | Indus River Valley | River sources in the Himalayas to mouth in the Arabian Sea; location of the Harappan civilization. | 20 | |
| 113719083 | Harappa | Along with Mohenjo Daro, it was a major urban complex of Harappan civilization; the Harappa city was planned out on a grid sheet. | 21 | |
| 113719084 | Mohenjo Daro | Along with Harappa, it was a major urban complex of Harappan civilization, also laid out on a planned grid pattern. | 22 | |
| 113719085 | Yellow River (Huanghe) | The location of one of China's first sedentary agriculture civilization. | 23 | |
| 113719086 | Shang | The first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exist; capital located in the Ordos bulge of Yellow River (Huanghe) flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE. | 24 | |
| 113719087 | Oracles | Shamans or Priest in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; the inscriptions of the bones led to Chinese writing. | 25 | |
| 113719088 | Ideographs | Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical if Chinese writing. | 26 | |
| 113719089 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean. | 27 | |
| 113719090 | Monotheism | The worship of a single God. Introduced by the Jews. | 28 |
