Middle Ages mostly
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| 251174205 | Romes Decline | Italy is fragmented, commerce shrunken, invasions by Vikings, weak rulers, general weakening. | 0 | |
| 251174206 | Manorialism | Economic portion of feudalism where all aspects of life were centered on the lord's manor including peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house. | 1 | |
| 251174207 | Serfs | A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times. | 2 | |
| 251174208 | Pope | The top authority of the Roman Catholic Church, provides structure with church (regulates doctrine, beat back heresies, sponsored missionary activity). | 3 | |
| 251174209 | Clovis (496) | King of Franks, conquered Gaul, earned support of Gaul and Church of Rome by converting, ruled lands in Frankish custom but kept Roman legacy. | 4 | |
| 251174210 | Northern France in Middle Ages | Carolingians overtook Franks. | 5 | |
| 251174211 | Charles Martel | Defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours, the Carolingian dynasty is named after him. | 6 | |
| 251174212 | Charlemagne | Charles the Great, substantial empire in France/Germany, restored church-based education, intellectual activity also, upon death split empire among 3 grandsons (causes problems). | 7 | |
| 251174213 | France after Charlemagne | Weak successors, regional monarchies develop, no single language, and cultural unity around church. | 8 | |
| 251174214 | New sources of strength in the M. Ages | New agricultural techniques, dominance of lords, viking raids slow down (b/c their gov is stronger, Christianization), population growth, growth of towns, improved cultural life. | 9 | |
| 251174215 | Feudalism | A political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages, nobles offered protection and land in return for service. | 10 | |
| 251174216 | Feudal relationships | Honorable relationship between legal equals (nobility), men could be vassal and lord at the same time. | 11 | |
| 251174217 | Results of Feudalism | Inhibited strong central states, reduced regional warfare. | 12 | |
| 251174218 | Use of Feudalism to build power | France: king had Church pay tax, William the Conqueror: great lords tied to king, royal officials, bureaucracy filled with professionals. | 13 | |
| 251174219 | Why did Feudalism limit the Government? | Power of Church limits political claims, aristocrats have power. | 14 | |
| 251174220 | Magna Carta | A legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and limited the power of the King, led to the creation of Parliament. | 15 | |
| 251174221 | Parliament | A legislative assembly in certain countries (i.e. Great Britain). | 16 | |
| 251174222 | Why did the West Expand? | Population growth, missionary impulse, zeal provided by Christianity. | 17 | |
| 251174223 | Expulsion of Muslims | Around 1500 lost many valuable artisans and business-people, marks end of Middle Ages. | 18 | |
| 251174224 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. | 19 | |
| 251174225 | Pope Urban II | Began the practice of giving out indulgences, wanted Jerusalem so called for crusades. | 20 | |
| 251174226 | 1095 | Year of the first crusade. | 21 | |
| 251174227 | Reform movements in the Church | St. Clare of Assisi represented new spirit of purity/dedication, Pope Gregory VII (reform minded popes). | 22 | |
| 251174228 | Medieval Literature | Mostly Latin, vernacular emerges though, oral sagas, adventure stories, showed conflict, love, Canterbury Tales | 23 | |
| 251174229 | Later on in the Middle Ages | West became a commercial zone led by Italian merchants, growth of trade, cities, guilds. | 24 | |
| 251174230 | Women's status in M. Ages | Christianity leads to veneration of some but distrust of others (Eve), compared to Islam though less confined, less segregated, some role in commerce, could operate guilds, literature stresses chivalry/docility. | 25 | |
| 251174231 | End of the Middle Ages | Monarchies consolidated holdings combined, 100 Years War, signs of strain on gov. | 26 | |
| 251174232 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. | 27 | |
| 251174233 | Results of the 100 Years War | Futility of military methods, feudalism. | 28 | |
| 251174234 | Weaknesses After the war | Agriculture can't keep up with population, series of plagues, social disputes, peasant uprisings, church loses power. | 29 | |
| 251174235 | Improvements after 900 | Population, trade, universities, Gothic, divided rule resembled Feudal Japan and Africa. | 30 |
