Vocab from chapters 16 and 17
Terms : Hide Images
| 260668079 | Vasco De Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 0 | |
| 260668080 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India. | 1 | |
| 260668081 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 2 | |
| 260668082 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 3 | |
| 260668083 | East India Company | British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces. | 4 | |
| 260668084 | World Economy | Created by Europeans during the late 16th century; based on control of the seas; established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products. | 5 | |
| 260668085 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans | 6 | |
| 260668086 | Lepanto | Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims. | 7 | |
| 260668087 | Mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 8 | |
| 260668088 | Core Nations | Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials. | 9 | |
| 260668089 | Dependent Economic Zones | Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor | 10 | |
| 260668090 | Mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory | 11 | |
| 260668091 | Vasco de Balboa | Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519) | 12 | |
| 260668092 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 13 | |
| 260668093 | New France | Name of French colony in Canada | 14 | |
| 260668094 | Atlantic Colonies | British colonies in North America along Atlantic coast from New England to Georgia. | 15 | |
| 260668095 | Treaty of Paris | Treaty that ended the Seven Years War | 16 | |
| 260668096 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus. | 17 | |
| 260668097 | Boers | Dutch settlers in south Africa | 18 | |
| 260668098 | Calcutta | British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal. | 19 | |
| 260668099 | Seven Years' War | Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land | 20 | |
| 260668100 | Italian Renaissance | time of transition from medieval to modern times characterized by intellectual and political expansion as well as the rebirth of culture | 21 | |
| 260668101 | Niccolo Machiavelli | a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527) | 22 | |
| 260668102 | Humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason | 23 | |
| 260668103 | Northern Renaissance | the movement in Art in Germany and Flanders that reflected greater religious tones; , Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society | 24 | |
| 260668104 | Francis I | This was the French king who reached an agreement with Pope Leo X and allowed the French king to select French bishops and abbots | 25 | |
| 260668105 | Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 26 | |
| 260668106 | European-style Family | Emerged in 15th century; involved later marriage age and a primary emphasis on the nuclear family. | 27 | |
| 260668107 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 28 | |
| 260668108 | Protestantism | The beliefs of Christians who opposed, or protested against, the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s | 29 | |
| 260668109 | Anglican Church | Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death | 30 | |
| 260668110 | Jean Calvin | French Protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America | 31 | |
| 260668111 | Catholic Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline. | 32 | |
| 260668112 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 33 | |
| 260668113 | Edict of Nantes | 1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants | 34 | |
| 260668114 | Thirty Years War | (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 35 | |
| 260668115 | Treaty of Westphalia | Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic | 36 | |
| 260668116 | English Civil War | This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished | 37 | |
| 260668117 | Proletariat | the working class | 38 | |
| 260668118 | Witchcraft Persecution | Reflected resentment against the poor, uncertainties about religious truth; resulted in death of over 100,000 Europeans between 1590 and 1650; particularly common in Protestant areas. | 39 | |
| 260668119 | Scientific Revolution | the era of scientific thought in europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned | 40 | |
| 260668120 | Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) | 41 | |
| 260668121 | Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) | 42 | |
| 260668122 | Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642) | 43 | |
| 260668123 | William Harvey | Englishman who announced blood circulates throughout the body. | 44 | |
| 260668124 | Rene Descartes | French nativist philosopher; proponent of dualism; argued that "threads" within the body control movement, and that some behaviors occur without thought | 45 | |
| 260668125 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. | 46 | |
| 260668126 | Deism | The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life. | 47 | |
| 260668127 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 48 | |
| 260668128 | Absolute Monarchy | a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power | 49 | |
| 260668129 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715 | 50 | |
| 260668130 | Glorious Revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. | 51 | |
| 260668131 | Parliamentary Monarchy | A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament | 52 | |
| 260668132 | Frederick the Great | Prussian King known as an enlightened despot and great military leader. | 53 | |
| 260668133 | Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 54 | |
| 260668134 | Adam Smith | Economist who wrote Wealth of Nations; Laissez-Faire economics | 55 | |
| 260668135 | Denis Diderot | French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France | 56 | |
| 260668136 | Mary Wollstonecraft | British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." | 57 | |
| 260668137 | Mass Consumerism | trade in products designed to appeal to a global market | 58 |
