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| 8585894839 | abolitionist movement | an international movement that between approximately 1780-1890 succeeded in condeming slavery as morally repugnant and abolishing it in much of the world; the movement was especially prominent in Britain and the United States | 0 | |
| 8585914420 | creoles | Native-born elites in the Spanish colonies | 1 | |
| 8585920527 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | Document drawn up by the French National Assembly in 1789 that proclaimed the equal rights of all men; the declaration ideologically launched the French Revolution. |  | 2 |
| 8585934477 | Declaration of the Rigths of Woman | Short work written by the French feminist Olympe de Gouges in 1791 that was modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and that made the argument that the equality proclaimed by the French revolutionaries must also include women. | 3 | |
| 8585952427 | Estates General | French representative assembly called into session by Louis XVI to address pressing problems and out of which the French Revolution emerged; the tree estates were the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners |  | 4 |
| 8585962614 | Freetown | West African settlement in what is now Sierra Leone at which British naval commanders freed Africans they rescued from illegal slave ships. |  | 5 |
| 8638176475 | French Revolution | Massive dislocation of French society (1789-1815) that overthrew the monarchy, destroyed most of the French aristocracy, and launched radical reforms of society that were lost again, though only in part, under Napoleon's imperial rule and after the restoration of the monarchy. |  | 6 |
| 8638193728 | gens de couleur libres | Literally, "free people of color"; term used to describe freed slaves and people of mixed racial background in Saint Domingue on the eve of the Haitian Revolution. |  | 7 |
| 8638204806 | Haiti | Name that revolutionaries gave to the former French colony of Saint Domingue; the term means "mountainous" or "rugged" in the Taino language. |  | 8 |
| 8638218927 | Haitian Revolution | The only fully successful slave rebellion in world history; the uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (later renamed Haiti) was sparked by the French Revolution and led to the establishment of an independent state after a long and bloody war (1791-1804). |  | 9 |
| 8638237250 | Hidalgo-Morelos rebellion | Socially radical peasant insurrection that began in Mexico in 1810 and that was led by the priests Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos. |  | 10 |
| 8638246504 | Latin American revolutions | Series of risings in the Spanish colonies of Latin America (1910-1936) that established the independence of new states from Spanish rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social rebellion by the lower classes. | 11 | |
| 8638263827 | Toussaint Louverture | First leader of the Haitian Revolution, a former slave (17434-1803) who wrote the first constitution of Haiti and served as the first governor of the newly independent state. |  | 12 |
| 8638273608 | maternal feminism | Movement that claimed that women have value in society not because of an abstract notion of equality but because women have a distinctive and vital role as mothers; its exponents argued that women have the right to intervene in civil and political life because of their duty to watch over the future of their children. | 13 | |
| 8638287644 | Napoleon Bonaparte | French head of sate from 1799 until his abdication in 1814 (and again briefly in 1815); Napoleon preserved much of the French Revolution under an autocratic system and was responsible for the spread of revolutionary ideals through his conquest of much of Europe. |  | 14 |
| 8638303638 | nation | A clearly defined territory whose people have a sense of common identity and destiny, thanks to ties of blood, culture, language, or common experience. | 15 | |
| 8638312353 | nationalism | The focusing of citizens' loyalty on the notion that they are part of a "nation" with a unique culture, territory, and destiny; first became a prominent element of political culture in the 19th century. | 16 | |
| 8638322371 | North American Revolution | Successful rebellion conducted by the colonists of parts of North America (not Canada) against British rule (1775-1787); a conservative revolution whose success assured property rights but established republican government in place of monarchy. | 17 | |
| 8638337155 | petit blancs | The "little" (or poor) white population of Saint Domingue, which played a significant role in the Haitian Revolution. | 18 | |
| 8638344750 | Seneca Falls Conference | The first organized women's rights conference, which took place at Seneca Falls, New Your, in 1848. |  | 19 |
| 8638350938 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Leading figure of the early women's rights movement in the United States (1815-1902). |  | 20 |
| 8638356912 | The Terror | Term used to describe the revolutionary violence in France in 179301794, when radicals under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre executed tens of thousands of people deemed enemies of the revolution. |  | 21 |
| 8638373015 | Third Estate | In pre-revolutionary France, the term used for the 98 percent of the population that was neither clerical nor noble, and for their representatives at the Estates General; in 1789, the Third Estate declared itself a National Assembly and launched the French Revolution. | 22 | |
| 8638388864 | Tupac Amaru | The last Inca emperor; in the 1780s, a Native American rebellion against Spanish control of Peru took place in his name. |  | 23 |
| 8639351333 | Voltaire | (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. |  | 24 |
| 8639364089 | Simon Bolivar | (1783-1830) Venezuelan statesman; leader of revolts of South American colonies against Spanish rule. Known as "The Liberator." |  | 25 |
| 8639380427 | Popular Sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people and that the justification for rule is the consent of the governed - associated with John Locke. | 26 | |
| 8639387309 | John Locke | (1632-1704) English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. |  | 27 |
| 8639396398 | Social Contract | A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules - Associated with John Locke. |  | 28 |
| 8639402495 | Adam Smith | (1723-1790) Pioneering economic theorist. Father of economics. Explained how rational self-interest and competition, operating in a social framework which ultimately depends on adherence to moral obligations, can lead to economic well-being and prosperity. Wrote the "Wealth of Nations" in 1776. |  | 29 |
| 8639421606 | Louis XIV | (1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles. |  | 30 |
| 8639429501 | Louis XVI | King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793. |  | 31 |
| 8639444778 | Palace of Versailles | A large royal residence built in the 17th century by King Louis XIV of France, near Paris. The palace, with its lavish gardens and fountains, is a spectacular example of French classical architecture. The Hall of Mirrors is particularly well known. The peace treaty that formally ended World War I was negotiated and signed here | 32 | |
| 8639472445 | Ancien Regime | (Old Regime) Term that refers to the traditional social and political hierarchy of 18th century France. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates. The first was the clergy, the second the nobility, and the third the commoners. | 33 | |
| 8639505333 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | (1712-1778) Swiss-French political philosopher, he valued the social contract and addressed the nature of man in his work On the Origin of Inequality. |  | 34 |
| 8639516849 | Temple of Reason | What the cathedral of Notre Dame was called during the de-christianization of France during the French Revolution. (1792). |  | 35 |
| 8639533679 | Saint Domingue | A French colony in what is now call Haiti. Widely regarded as the richest colony in the world, it boasted 8,000 plantations, which in the late 18th century produced some 40% of the world's sugar and perhaps half of its coffee. |  | 36 |
| 8639553007 | Louisiana Purchase | 1803- The U.S. purchased the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleon of $15 million. Jefferson was interested in the territory because it would give the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans (both were valuable for trade and shipping) and also room to expand. Napoleon wanted to sell because he needed money for his European campaigns and the rebellion against the French in Haiti soured him on the idea of New World colonies. The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to buy land, so Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase. |  | 37 |
| 8639585277 | Ferdinand VII | (1784-1833) Spanish king who was deposed by Napoleon in 1808. The outcome, ultimately, was independence for Latin America almost everywhere by 1826. |  | 38 |
| 8639598963 | Jose de San Martin | (1778-1850) South American general and statesman, born in Argentina; leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru. |  | 39 |
| 8639609003 | Wage Labor | A system of Payment whereby workers are compensated on the basis of a wage not tied to the quality of the raw materials, accidents, or other exigencies in the production process. Adopted in the Northern United States during independence and was contrasted by slavery in the South. | 40 | |
| 8639626076 | Osei Bonsu | (1804-1824) Ruler of the African kingdom of Asante, a powerful conquest state heavily involved in the slave trade. Tributed its own people and prisoners of war into the Atlantic Slave Trade. Was puzzled by the British no longer wanting to buy slaves from his country. | 41 | |
| 8639643951 | Sharecropping | A system used on southern farms to replace slavery after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. |  | 42 |
| 8639655645 | Zionism | A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. |  | 43 |
| 8639663127 | Russification | After 1881 the Russian empire adopted a program where various subject nationalities to their empire - Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Caucasus ethnic groups, German communities and Muslims in Central Asia - were all forced to assimilate to the Great Russian culture. | 44 | |
| 8639684944 | Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1829 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. |  | 45 |
| 8639698059 | Mary Wollstonecraft | British feminist of the 18th century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 " Vindication of the Rights of Women." |  | 46 |
| 8639709194 | Emily Davidson | Threw herself in front of a horse at a derby for the Suffragette movement; killed (trampled)died 4 days later (1913). | 47 | |
| 8639727227 | Florence Nightingale | English nurse remembered for her work during the Crimean War (1820-1910) |  | 48 |
| 8639733356 | Jane Addams | (1860-1935) Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. |  | 49 |
| 8639744056 | Empress Haruko | (1849-1914) Empress of Japan who raised issues about marriage, family panning, and especially education as the country stated its modernization process. |  | 50 |
| 8639756124 | Huda Sharawi | Pioneering Egyptian feminist who lived through both world wars and created the EFO (Egyptian Feminist Union). |  | 51 |
