Terms : Hide Images
| 9405516341 | Koumbi-Saleh Capital city of Ghana and principal trading site (a thriving commercial center) | 0 | ||
| 9405003238 | Bantu Migrations from 2000 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E., what was spread? | Agriculture and herding (throughout Africa), iron metallurgy, and bananas | 1 | |
| 9405268891 | Sahara Desert | *North* Africa Predominately *Arab Muslims* |  | 2 |
| 9405277653 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Africa south of the Sahara Many *geographic barriers* (deserts, rivers, Great Rift Valley (in eastern Sub-Sahara) which is a large crack in which rivers form) |  | 3 |
| 9405302196 | Was Africa easy to unite? | No; many *geographic barriers* and much variety in culture (various tribes, traditions, cultures, languages) | 4 | |
| 9405315761 | Bananas | First domesticated in SE Asia Entered Africa by way of sea lanes across Indian Ocean Led to varied, more nutritious diets, larger food supply, and population growth | 5 | |
| 9405331142 | What are some crops indigenous to Africa? | Yams, sorghum, millet | 6 | |
| 9405402928 | Bantu and forest people | Forest dwellers of central africa had a changed relationship with bantu due to migration, pop growth and new communities Earlier - Bantu use forest people as guides Later - Forest people integrate into the Bantu or retreat and become specialists in forest goods | 7 | |
| 9405402929 | Kin-Based Society | Bantu has no hierarchy/ bureaucracy - governed through family groups Villages - 100 people, ruled by council of male family heads Chief - most prominent village head, represented when dealing with neighbors villages group into districts, people become district loyal often grew very large | 8 | |
| 9405516321 | Early Cities: Jenne-jeno | A vibrant urban society in the middle of the stretches of the Nile River, where low-lying lands forced the river into an inland delta Settlers arrived, equipped with iron tools, and by 400 C.E., the settlement of Jenne-jeno ("Ancient Jenne," located just south of the modern city of Jenne in Mali) Merchants handled iron products, abundant supplies of fish, rice, and domesticated animals, including cattle, sheep, and goats (Participated in an extensive trade network that reached from N Africa and the Mediterranean to the savannas and forests of central Africa) | 9 | |
| 9405516322 | By the 8th century, _____-____ had become principal commercial crossroads of West Africa | Jenne-jeno Chiefdoms in Bantu Society Population growth strained resources | 10 | |
| 9405516336 | conflict between villages and districts more frequent and more violent Some African communities began to organize military forces (encouraged development of formal gov't structure) Powerful chiefs overrode kinship networks, imposed authority, and conquered | 11 | ||
| 9405516323 | Kingdom of Kongo | A prosperous Congolese state which participated actively in trade networks involving copper, raffia cloth, and nzimba shells from the Atlantic Ocean One of the principalities overcame its neighbors and built the kingdom of Kongo Maintained centralized government with a royal currency system | 12 | |
| 9405516337 | king oversaw military, judicial, and financial affairs | 13 | ||
| 9405516324 | In the Kingdom of Kongo, who/what was beneath central gov't (king)? | 6 provinces administered by governors, each of whom supervised several districts administered by subordinate officials (Provided effective organization until the mid-seventeenth century when Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of kings and central gov't) | 14 | |
| 9405516325 | What kind of organinzation survived into the 19th centuyr in much of sub-Saharan Africa? | Kin-based societies-regional states and kingdoms increasingly prominent | 15 | |
| 9405516326 | Trans-Saharan Trade and the Islamic States in West Africa | Camels Islamic merchants crossed the desert and established commercial relations They found a series of long-established trading centers such as Gao, a station of caravan routes across the Sahara that offered access to the Nile river valley, a flourishing market for copper, ironware, cotton textiles, salt grains, and carnelian beads | 16 | |
| 9405516327 | Importance of Camels | Came to N Africa from Arabia, by way of Egypt and Sudan (7th century B.C.E.) Replaced horses and donkeys as travel animals Quickened arrival pace of communication across the Sahara Could travel long-distance before needing water | 17 | |
| 9405516328 | The Kingdom of Ghana | Principal state of West Africa at time of Muslims' arrival | 18 | |
| 9405516329 | Salt and Gold Trade | Ghana (in W Africa) provided gold (most important), ivory, and slaves for traders from North Africa Exchanged for horses, cloth, manufactured goods, and salt (from N Africa) By controlling and taxing trade in the precious metal, the kings both enriched and strengthened their realm | 19 | |
| 9405516340 | Islam in West Africa | Ghana kings converted to Islam by the tenth century didn't force on others Improved relations with Muslim nomads and brought them recognition and support from Muslims states of N Africa As the kingdom expanded north, it became vulnerable to attacks by nomadic peoples from the Sahara Nomadic raids from the Sahara weakened the kingdom in the early thirteenth century and it soon collapsed | 20 | |
| 9405516330 | Sundiata, or the lion prince, built the Mali Empire (reigned 1230-1255) a. | While away from home he made astute (having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage) alliances with local rulers, gained a reputation for courage in battle, and assembled a large army dominated by calvary | 21 | |
| 9405516331 | What did Sundiata's empire include? | Most of the modern state of Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone | 22 | |
| 9405561627 | The Mali Empire and Trade | Mali controlled and taxed almost all trade passing through West Africa Enormous caravans with as many as 25,000 camels linked Mali to north Africa | 23 | |
| 9405569143 | Mansa Musa | Sundiata's grandson (reigned during high point of empire) | 24 | |
| 9405578210 | Mansa Musa and Islam | Made his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325 with a huge caravan Built mosques, particularly in trading cities frequented by Muslim merchants and sent promising students to study with distinguished Islamic scholars northern Africa Established Islamic schools (brought in Arabian and northern African teachers, including four descendants of Muhammad, to make Islam better known in Mali) | 25 | |
| 9405597723 | Decline of Mali | Due to factions and military pressure from neighbors/nomads Songhay empire replaced Mali (by the late 15th century) | 26 | |
| 9405607372 | The Swahili ("coasters," refers to those who engaged in trade along E African coast) | Goods from interior regions of Africa: Gold, slaves, ivory, tortoise shells, leopard skins | 27 | |
| 9405622518 | Swahili City-States | Chiefs gained power through taxing trade on ports Ports developed into city-states governed by kings, eleventh and twelfth centuries Villages had building made of wood and dried mud; by 12th century, Swahili peoples began to construct much larger buildings of coral Ruling elites and wealthy merchants dressed in silk and fine cotton clothing and se their tables with porcelain imported from China | 28 | |
| 9405627279 | Kilwa | Prosperous city-state on east African coast | 29 | |
| 9405644257 | Natives of ______ went into ________ ______ of Africa and brought back to the coast products for trade. | Africa; interior regions | 30 | |
| 9405647145 | Zimbabwe (Means dwelling of a chief) | Best known of the large and powerful kingdoms in east and central Africa Stone walls, great palaces, wealth from trade | 31 | |
| 9405655935 | Great Zimbabwe | An ancient walled town in Southern Africa | 32 | |
| 9405667748 | Islam in East Africa | Ruling elites and wealthy merchants convert (Continued to observe native traditions to provide cultural leadership) Foundation for relationship with merchants, gained them recognition from Islamic states in southwest Asia Eventually became more popular with general public | 33 | |
| 9405680357 | Zimbabwe Economy and government | Kings taxed and controlled trade between interior and coast move gold, ivory, slaves, local products from sources to coast forge alliances with other local leaders using economic sway | 34 | |
| 9405745572 | T/F: Africans practiced strict Islam. | False | 35 | |
| 9405745573 | African social class order | Ruling elites --> military nobles--> administrative officials--> religious authorities --> wealthy merchants --> artisans --> business entrepreneurs --> common people --> peasants --> slaves | 36 | |
| 9405745594 | Could people own land? | 37 | ||
| 9405745595 | No; community had land, no private property | 38 | ||
| 9405745574 | How was wealth measured? | By slaves | 39 | |
| 9405745575 | Respected position for a man was a _________ | Blacksmith | 40 | |
| 9405745576 | Africans were given jobs specific for their ___ _____ | Age grade | 41 | |
| 9405745577 | How did you become a slave? | Captive of war, suspected witches, criminals, debtors, etc. | 42 | |
| 9405745578 | How did Africans keep up with the demand for slaves? | They began raiding smaller states for slaves | 43 | |
| 9405745579 | The Zanj revolt occurred in ___________ against the ________ | Mesopotamia, Abbasids | 44 | |
| 9405745580 | The Zanj revolt lasted __ years | 14 | 45 | |
| 9405745581 | Most Africans are ____________ | Monotheistic | 46 | |
| 9405745582 | Most Africans recognize a dominant, ______, god | Creator | 47 | |
| 9405745583 | Some Africans recognize lesser _______ | Deities | 48 | |
| 9405745584 | Diviners were ________ specialists (consulted ______ _____) | Religious, oracle bones | 49 | |
| 9405745585 | Failure to observe high moral standards would lead to ________ | Disaster | 50 | |
| 9405745586 | Christianity reached Axum through | Egypt | 51 | |
| 9405745587 | Christianity was popular in ________ | Ethiopia | 52 | |
| 9405745588 | T/F: Ethiopian Christians interacted with other Christian communities. | False: They were isolated | 53 | |
| 9405745589 | Sundiata established an army dominated by ______. | Cavalry | 54 | |
| 9405745590 | The kingdom of Ghana fell to the powerful ____ empire. | Mali | 55 | |
| 9405745591 | Koumbi-Saleh was a town in _____ known for its _________. | Ghana, buildings | 56 | |
| 9405745592 | Where did Ghana get gold from? | Lands to the south | 57 | |
| 9405745593 | Kongo used ______ as currency | Cowries | 58 |
