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| 207462154 | 3 | Agriculture developed independently in at least __ regions | 0 | |
| 207462155 | 2.5 | Hunting-gathering societies require more space per person--- approximately ___ square miles--- than agricultural societies | 1 | |
| 207462156 | Higher | Agriculture encouraged ___ birth rates than hunting-gathering | 2 | |
| 207462157 | False | Agriculture offered many new advantages over hunting-gathering, without any disadvantages. | 3 | |
| 207462158 | River valleys | The first four centers of civilization developed along ___ | 4 | |
| 207462159 | False | Because of the tremendous advantages of agriculture over hunting-gathering, the change from hunting-gathering to agriculture was extremely rapid. | 5 | |
| 207462160 | True | All agricultural civilizations emphasized the authority of parents over children and children's obligation to obey their parents. | 6 | |
| 207462161 | Earlier | Children in agricultural societies were weaned much ___ than they were in hunting-gathering societies | 7 | |
| 207462162 | True | In the Neolithic (New Stone) Age, humans did use tools and lived with the use of fire. | 8 | |
| 207462163 | False | As a species of animal, human beings have tremendous advantages over other animals, without any drawbacks. | 9 | |
| 207462164 | Paleolithic | Simple tool use developed: ___ Stone Age | 10 | |
| 207462165 | Mesolithic | Animal domestication, such as cows, which improved the food supply: ___ Stone Age | 11 | |
| 207462166 | Neolithic | Nature of human existence changed by the invention of agriculture and the creation of cities: ___ Stone Age | 12 | |
| 207462167 | Middle East | Farming was first developed in ___ | 13 | |
| 207462168 | False | One of the reasons agriculture replaced hunting-gathering is that agriculture did not require as many hours of work per day as hunting-gathering. | 14 | |
| 207462169 | Herding | In the vast plains of central Asia, ___, rather than grain-growing, became the socioeconomic system | 15 | |
| 207462170 | Middle East | Metalworking first began in ___ | 16 | |
| 207462171 | False | Catal Huyuk is a Neolithic village located along the coast of Scotland that has been elaborately studied by archaeologists. | 17 | |
| 207462172 | City | The word civilization comes from the Latin word for ___ | 18 | |
| 207462173 | True | The proper chronological order for the first five civilizations is as follows: Middle East (Tigris and Euphrates); Africa (Egypt); India; China; and Central America. | 19 | |
| 207462174 | False | Mesopotamia is the only case of a civilization developed absolutely from scratch-- and with no examples from anyplace else to imitate. | 20 | |
| 207462175 | True | Farming in Mesopotamia, because of the need for irrigation, required considerable coordination among communities, and this in turn served as the basis for complex political structures. | 21 | |
| 207462176 | Sumerians | Developed a cuneiform alphabet, which is the first known case of human writing | 22 | |
| 207462177 | False | Sumerian religion included a belief in a glorious afterlife in heaven, but it did not teach an afterlife of punishment in hell. | 23 | |
| 207462178 | False | Civilization developed around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers because the area was easy to defend against invasions. | 24 | |
| 207462179 | False | Hammurabi's expressed purpose in establishing a code of law was to justify the rule of the strong over the weak. | 25 | |
| 207462180 | Egyptian | ___ economy was more fully government-directed than its Mesopotamian counterpart | 26 | |
| 207462181 | Indus River | Because of invasions by Indo-Europeans, as well as natural calamities, little is known about the civilization that developed along the ___ | 27 | |
| 207462182 | True | In China, an organized state existed that carefully regulated irrigation in the fertile but flood-prone river valley of the Huanghe. | 28 | |
| 208127867 | False | There are no major monuments still standing from the river valley civilizations. | 29 | |
| 208127868 | 1000 | Most of the major river valley civilizations were in decline by ___ B.C.E. | 30 | |
| 208127869 | Phoenicians | Devised a greatly simplified alphabet, improved the Egyptian numbering system | 31 | |
| 208127870 | Lydians | First coined money | 32 | |
| 208127871 | True | Whereas the traditional gods of the Middle East were whimsical and capricious, the Jewish God was orderly and just. | 33 | |
| 208127872 | Huanghe | Unlike the initial civilizations in India and Egypt where there was a fairly firm break between their institutions and those that would later develop, the ___ civilization flowed into the more extensive Chinese civilization that would follow | 34 | |
| 208127873 | True | Whereas Mesopotamian leaders thought in terms of expansion, Egyptian leaders thought of Egypt as its own world and thus there was less need or desire to learn of wider horizons. | 35 | |
| 208127874 | Harappan | ___ civilization was more vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change than the Mesopotamian and Chinese river valley civilizations | 36 | |
| 208127875 | True | No regular pattern of contacts among the major population centers developed during the long early phases (2.5 million to 1000 B.C.E.) of human history. | 37 | |
| 208127876 | Tin | Although the Phoenicians voyaged to Southern England to get ___, these voyages did not produce wider diffusion of products or technologies | 38 |
