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| 8675000007 | Africanization of Christianity | Process that occurred in non-Muslim Africa, where millions who were converted to Christianity sought to maintain older traditions alongside new Christian ideas; many converts continued using protective charms and medicines and consulting local medicine men, and many continued to believe in their old gods and spirits. | 0 | |
| 8675010203 | apartheid | Afrikaans term literally meaning "apart-hood"; system that developed in South Africa of strictly limiting the social and political integration of whites and blacks. |  | 1 |
| 8675018593 | Edward Blyden | Prominent West African scholar and political leader (1832-1912) who argued that each civilization, including that of Africa, has its own unique contribution to make to the world. |  | 2 |
| 8675028976 | cash-crop agriculture | Agricultural production, often on a large scale, of crops for sale in the market, rather than for consumption by the farmers themselves. |  | 3 |
| 8675034012 | colonial racism | A pattern of European racism in their Asian and African colonies that created a great racial divide between themselves and the natives and limited native access to education and the civil service, based especially on pseudo-scientific notions of naturally superior and inferior races. | 4 | |
| 8675048408 | colonial tribalism | A European tendency, especially in African colonies, to identify and sometimes invent distinct "tribes" that had often not existed before, reinforcing European notions that African societies were primitive. | 5 | |
| 8675061091 | Congo Free State | Leopold Ii was king of Belgium from 1865-1909; his rule as private owner of the Congo Free State during much of that time is typically held up as the worst abuse of Europe's second wave of colonization, resulting as it did in millions of deaths |  | 6 |
| 8675072711 | cultivation system | System of forced labor used in the Netherlands East Indies in the 19th century; peasant were required to cultivate at least 20% of their land in cash crops such as sugar or coffee for sale at low and fixed prices to government contractors, who then earned enormous profits from further sale of the crops. | 7 | |
| 8675088170 | Indian Rebellion | (1857-1858) Massive uprising of much of India against British rule; also called the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny from the fact that the rebellion first broke out among Indian troops in British employ. |  | 8 |
| 8675098319 | informal empires | Term commonly used to describe areas such as Latin America and China that were dominated by Western powers in the 19th century but that retained their own governments and a measure of independence.. | 9 | |
| 8675105039 | invention of tradition | In many colonial states, a process of forging new ways of belonging and self-identification that defined and to some extent mythologized the region's past, especially to create broader terms of belonging than had existed before. | 10 | |
| 8675114149 | scrambe for Africa | Name used for the process of the European countries' partition of the continent of Africa between themselves in the period 1875-1900. | 11 | |
| 8675121407 | Swami Vivekananda | Leading religious figure of 19th century India (1864-1902); advocate of a revived Hinduism and its mission to reach out to the spiritually impoverished West. |  | 12 |
| 8675129748 | Western-educated elite | The main beneficiaries in Asian and African lands colonized by Western powers; schooled in the imperial power's language and practices, they moved into their countries professional classes but ultimately led anti-colonial movements as they grew discouraged by their inability to win equal status to the colonizers. | 13 | |
| 8675146935 | Maxim Gun | The first automatic machine gun; invention that allowed conquest of the interior of Africa |  | 14 |
| 8675153754 | British East India Company | A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years |  | 15 |
| 8675159093 | Settler Colonies | Colonies, such as those in South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya and Hawaii, where minority European populations lived among majority indigenous peoples. | 16 | |
| 8675166408 | Maori | A native of New Zealand whose ancestors first traveled from Asia to Polynesia, and later to New Zealand about 800 CE. Created the most elaborate of all Polynesian art, had a population of 200,000 and also had a caste system similar to the one observed in Hawaii in the years before the start of the Modern Era. |  | 17 |
| 8675188058 | Spanish American War | War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. | 18 | |
| 8675196553 | Buganda | Kingdom in southern Uganda near Kampala. Strong and powerful nation. Saw opportunity in the British presence and negotiated an arrangement that substantially enlarged their state and personally benefited the kingdom's elite class. | 19 | |
| 8675213952 | Nguyen Khuyen | (1835-1909) 19th century senior Vietnamese official retired to farm and wrote poetry about anguish at the passing of the world as he knew it. | 20 | |
| 8675229092 | Sepoy Mutiny | (1857-1858) Hindus and Muslim Sepoy refused to open cartridges that came in paper waxed with animal fat for religious reasons; killed British officers and proclaimed restoration of the Mughal authority; had different interests, and were crushed by the British | 21 | |
| 8675253563 | Bwana | A Swahili word meaning "master" that white men were referred to as in East Africa, In contrast, white Europeans typically called African men "boy". | 22 | |
| 8675263504 | Varnas | Each of the four Hindu castes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. |  | 23 |
| 8675269252 | Subsistence Farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village. (labor system) |  | 24 |
| 8675274388 | Statute Labor | French Africa policy which required all natives to perform unpaid labor at least 10 to 12 days a year on public projects. Abolished in 1946. (labor system) | 25 | |
| 8675287876 | Leopold II | (r. 1865-1909) King of Belgium who employed Henry Morton Stanley to help develop commercial ventures and establish a colony called the Congo Free State in the basin of the Congo River. Ruthlessly exploited the natives forcing them to collect rubber. |  | 26 |
| 8675305128 | Java | A large island in Indonesia that was part of the Dutch East Indies. Peasants there were required under colonial control to produce and were subject to lashings, torture, debt, and famines during the 19th century in which hundred of thousands of people perished. |  | 27 |
| 8675318329 | German East Africa | German African colony that covered land now included in Mozambique, continental Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi; separated from German South West Africa by the British. |  | 28 |
| 8675327839 | Mekong River Delta | Area in Vietnam ceded to France in 1857 |  | 29 |
| 8675333403 | Gold Coast | Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. |  | 30 |
| 8675339179 | Cacao Trees | Tropical tree that produces cocoa beans. |  | 31 |
| 8675342289 | Wage Labor | A system of payment whereby workers are compensated on the basis of a wage not tied to the quality of the raw materials, accidents, r other exigencies in the production process. | 32 | |
| 8675356678 | Gikuyu | A Bantu people inhabiting East Africa, They are the largest ethnic group in Kenya, and speak the Bantu Kikuyu language as a mother tongue. |  | 33 |
| 8675363069 | Bantustans | Tribal homelands established by the apartheid regime to deprive the black majority of South African citizenship. |  | 34 |
| 8713130025 | Nairobi | Kenya's modern capital and one of Britain's richest colonies in the colonial era. |  | 35 |
| 8713134232 | Luo | A people of Kenya whose women introduced labor saving crops, adopted new farm implements, and earned some money as traders due to the fact that their men were adopting work as wage laborers. | 36 | |
| 8713148135 | Rhodesia | Former name of Zimbabwe. |  | 37 |
| 8713152881 | Leopold Senghor | Part of the negritude movement, which rejected negative views of Africa, wrote "Black Women"l later took a role in Senegal's drive to independence and would serve as it's 1st president. |  | 38 |
| 8713172123 | Nguyen Thai Hoc | (1902-1930) A Vietnamese revolutionary who was the founding leader of the Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang, the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. He was captured and executed by the French colonial authorities after the failure of the Yen Bai mutiny. | 39 | |
| 8713186739 | Keshub Chunder Sen | (1838-1884) Part of the Brahmo Samaj, Keshub argued that India needed a unified "Church of India," internalizing the British protestant model. |  | 40 |
| 8713202354 | James Aggrey | (1875-1927) West African intellectual who wrote against British denigration of his people | 41 | |
| 8713213443 | Booker T. Washington | African American leader from the late 1900's until his death in 1915; founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; encouraged African Americans to learn trades and become economically self-sufficient before calling for equal rights. |  | 42 |
| 8713233022 | W.E.B. DuBois | African American progressive who rejected the previous ideology of Booker T. Washington; this man argued that black people need political rights in order to make and economic gains and he created the NAACP to make changes. |  | 43 |
| 8713248685 | Marcus Garvey | African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migrations of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported the Jamaica in 1927. |  | 44 |
| 8713261356 | Nyakyusa | A group of people who lived near Lake Tanganyika in present-day Tanzania who came to be known as a separate tribe after British attempts to rule them through a "paramount chief" unified them. | 45 | |
| 8713275237 | Igbo | Nigeria's third largest group who are mostly Christian. They are located int he southeast part of Nigeria. This group has many conflicts with the Yoruba and at one point they tried to become and independent nation. | 46 |
