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| 154696150 | Muhammad Ali | 1769-1849;Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early 19th century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952 | 0 | |
| 154696151 | Janissaries | Christian and other POWs were converted to Islam and made into infantry; abolished in 1826 | 1 | |
| 154696152 | Serbia | The extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk | 2 | |
| 154696153 | Tanzimat | "Restructuring" reforms by the 19th century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient | 3 | |
| 154696154 | Crimean War | 1853-1856; Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans | 4 | |
| 154696155 | extraterritoriality | The right of foreign residents in a country to live under the laws of their native country and disregard the laws of the host country. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, European and American nationals living in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted this right | 5 | |
| 154696156 | Young Ottomans | Movement of young intellectuals to institute liberal reforms and build a feeling of national identity in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century | 6 | |
| 154696157 | Slavophile | Russian intellectuals in the early 19th century who favored resisting western European influences and taking pride in the traditional peasant values and institutions of the Slavic people | 7 | |
| 154696158 | Pan-Slavism | Movement among Russian intellectuals in the second half the the 19th century to identify culturally and politically with the Slavic peoples of eastern Europe | 8 | |
| 154696159 | Decembrist revolt | Abortive attempt by army officers to take control of the Russian government upon the death of Tsar Alexander I in 1825 | 9 | |
| 154696160 | Opium War | 1839-1842; War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treat of Nanking on China | 10 | |
| 154696161 | Bannermen | Hereditary military servants of the Qing Empire, in large large part descendants of peoples of various origins who had fought for the founders of the empire | 11 | |
| 154696162 | Treaty of Nanking | 1842; The treaty that concluded the Opium War. It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire, denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, opened additional ports residence to Britons, and ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain | 12 | |
| 154696163 | treaty ports | Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality | 13 | |
| 154696164 | most-favored-nation status | A clause in a commercial treaty that wards to any later signatories all the privileges previously granted to the original signatories | 14 | |
| 154696165 | Taiping Rebellion | 1853-1864; The most destructive civil war before the 20th century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire | 15 |
