Mr. Brown AP World ECHHS
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| 374521364 | Selim II | Ottoman sultan (1789-1807); attempted to improve administrative efficiency and build a new army and navy; assassinated by Janissaries | 0 | |
| 374521365 | Mahmud II | 19th Ottoman sultan who build a private, professional army; crushed the Janissaries and initiated reforms on Western precedents | 1 | |
| 374521366 | Tanzimat reforms | Western-style reforms within the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; included a European-influenced constitution in 1876 | 2 | |
| 374521367 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan (1878-1908) who tried to return to despotic absolutism; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties | 3 | |
| 374521368 | Young Turks | members of the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress; intellectuals and political agitators seeking the return of the 1876 constitution; gained power through a coup in 1908 | 4 | |
| 374521369 | Muhammad Ali | controlled Egypt by 1811; began a modernization process based on Western models but failed to greatly change Egypt; died in 1848 | 5 | |
| 374521370 | Ahmad Orabi | student of Muhammad Abduh; led a revolt in 1882 against the Egyptian government; forced the khedive to call in British aid | 6 | |
| 374521371 | Mahdi | Muhammad Achmad, the leader of a Sudanic Sufi brotherhood; began a holy war against the Egyptians and British and founded a state in the Sudan | 7 | |
| 374521372 | Nurhaci | united the Manchus in the early 17th century; defeated the Ming and established the Qing dynasty | 8 | |
| 374521373 | Taiping Rebellion | massive rebellion in southern China in the 1850s and 1960s led by Hong Xinquan; sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty and Confucianism | 9 | |
| 374521374 | Cixi | conservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty | 10 | |
| 374521375 | Boxer Rebellion | popular outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China; put down by intervention of the Western powers | 11 | |
| 374521376 | compradors | wealthy group of merchants under the Qing; specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast | 12 | |
| 374521377 | Lin Zexu | 19th-century Chinese official charged during the 1830s with ending the opium trade in southern China; set off the events leading to the Opium War | 13 | |
| 374521378 | Opium War | fought between Britain and Qing China beginning in 1839 to protect the British trade in opium; British victory demonstrated Western superiority over China | 14 |
