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| 2955127316 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia in northern Greece, Between 334 and 323 BCE, he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 0 | |
| 2955149636 | Himalayas | The world's highest mountain range, forming the northern border of the Indian subcontinent. The site of Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics. | 1 | |
| 2955161821 | Monsoons | Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. During Summer bring rains. | 2 | |
| 2955174165 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society. | 3 | |
| 2955181714 | Sanskrit | The sacred and classical Indian language. | 4 | |
| 2955186330 | Vedas | This is a collection of four, Aryan, religious texts which show prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. | 5 | |
| 2955192001 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries B.C.E.; previously handed down in oral form. | 6 | |
| 2955203203 | Ramayana | great epic tale from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife Sita | 7 | |
| 2955207707 | Upanishads | later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority. | 8 | |
| 2955209458 | Varnas | Clusters of caste groups in Aryan society; 4 social castes: Brahmins (priests), Warriors, Merchants, Peasants, Untouchables (outcasts) | 9 | |
| 2955210679 | Untouchables | lowest catse in Indian society; performed tasks that were polluting. | 10 | |
| 2955211914 | Indra | Chief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior. | 11 | |
| 2955213056 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization | 12 | |
| 2955215227 | Mauryn | dynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century BCE following invasion by Alexander the Great. | 13 | |
| 2955215228 | Ashoka | grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire. | 14 | |
| 2955215229 | Dharma | the caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life. | 15 | |
| 2955217287 | Kushans | dynasty that succeeded the Mauryas in norhtwestern India; sponsors of Buddhism. | 16 | |
| 2955217288 | Guptas | dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century BCE; built empire that extended to all but the southern regions of the Indian subcontinent; less centralized than Mauryan empire. | 17 | |
| 2955218913 | Kautilya | political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believed in scientific application of warfare. | 18 | |
| 2955218914 | Gurus | Brahmans who were teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas. | 19 | |
| 2955220463 | Vishnu | The Brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshipped | 20 | |
| 2955220464 | Shiva | Hindu god of destruction and reproduction; Worshipped as personification of cosmic forces of change | 21 | |
| 2955222207 | Reincarnation | successive attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits in previous lives. | 22 | |
| 2955222208 | Buddha | creator of major Indian and Asian religion; born in 6th century BCE as son of local ruler among Aryan tribes located near Himalayas; taught enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earthly things. | 23 | |
| 2955222209 | Nirvana | The Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility. | 24 | |
| 2955223534 | Kamasutra | written by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and lovemaking. | 25 | |
| 2955227535 | Stupas | stone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms. | 26 | |
| 2955225287 | Scholar-Gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China. | 27 |
