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| 60272162 | Land Bridges | the Ice Ages froze much of the Earths water causing temporary land bridges; through these land bridges, humans were able to navigate all over the world. Some connected Siberia with Alaska, Australia with New Guinea, and low sea levels exposed Indonesian islands to the peninsula of south east Asia | 0 | |
| 60272163 | Olmecs | (1200-100 B.C.E) they were the first Mesoamerican people to create a complex society in the Americas; they created the earliest known ceremonial centers in the Americas; they were named the Olmec "rubber people" because of the rubber trees that flourished in their region; they influenced all complex societies of Mesoamerica; they disappeared because of unknown causes around 100 B.C.E. | 1 | |
| 60272164 | Maya | (300 to 1100 C.E.) after the Olmecs, the Maya occupied a region by southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador; built many ceremonial centers and cities such as Tikal. Around 800 C.E.; organized themselves into scores of small city-kingdoms that constantly fought amongst each other; they were brilliant and known for their math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language; Maya population began to decline due to water control problems and food shortages. | 2 | |
| 60272165 | Tikal | the most important Maya political center between the fourth and the ninth centuries C.E. At its height it was a wealthy and bustling city with a population approaching forty thousand, and an enormous paved plaza with scores of temples, pyramids, palaces and public buildings, including the Temple of the Giant Jaguar | 3 | |
| 60272166 | Chichen Itza | During the ninth century C.E. the state of Chichen Itza in the northern Yucatan peninsula tried to dampen hostile instincts and establish a larger political framework for Maya society. They absorb captives and integrate them into their own society rather than annihilate them. It organized a loose empire that brought a measure of political stability to the land | 4 | |
| 60272167 | Popol Vuh | A Mayan creation Myth that taught that the gods had created human beings out of maize and water | 5 | |
| 60272168 | Ball Game | Created by the Olmecs, it was a game that could be played with teams of 2 to 4 members or one on one. The object of the game was to score points by putting a rubber ball threw a ring without using their hands. The balls were about 8 inches in diameter of solid black rubber. This was not only a game but also a way of celebrating political treatise | 6 | |
| 60272169 | Teotihuacan | A large agricultural village from (200 to 750 B.C.E.) Home to the pyramid of the Sun, the largest Mesoamerican structure. It was home to almost two hundred thousand people and featured pyramids, temples, neighborhoods, and small apartments | 7 | |
| 60272170 | Palenque | A sizeable city state in the Mayan empire | 8 | |
| 60272171 | Temple of the Giant Jaguar | A huge stepped pyramid | 9 | |
| 60272172 | Chavin Cult | a new religion that appeared in the Andes mountains after 1000 BCE; enjoyed enormous popularity during the 900 to 800 BCE; spread in the area of modern Peru; vanished about 300 BCE; no information survives on the significance of the cults | 10 | |
| 60272173 | Mochica | early Andean state that had its base in the valley of the Moche River; dominated the coasts and valleys of northern Peru during the period about 300 - 700 CE; left a remarkable artistic legacy especially with its pottery and ceramics | 11 | |
| 60272174 | Austronesians | seafaring peoples from southeast Asia speaking Austronesian languages; their modern linguistic relatives include Malayan, Indonesian, Filipino, Polynesian, and other Oceanic languages; they served as agents of social and economic change in New Guinea | 12 | |
| 60272175 | Lapita peoples | the earliest Austronesian migrants to sail out into the Pacific Ocean and establish human settlements in Pacific islands; no one knows their actual name; Lapita comes from a beach in New Caledonia where their artifacts came to attention; maintained communication and exchange networks from New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelage to Samo and Tonga from 1500 to 500 BCE; established agricultural villages where they raised pigs and chickens and introduced crops like yams, taro, breadfruit, and bananas; their agricultural settlements were largely self-sufficient; left distinctive pottery decorated with stamped geometric designs | 13 | |
| 60272176 | Maize | agricultural potential was discovered by the Olmecs in 4000 BCE; soon became the staple food of the region; known in contemporary centuries as corn | 14 | |
| 60272177 | Oceania | where humans established communities in all habitable islands of the Pacific Ocean; Indonesia, Australia, Polynesia, Philippines, and New Guinea | 15 | |
| 60272178 | Pyramid of the Sun | ones of the two main pyramids in the city of Teotihuacan | 16 | |
| 60272179 | Yucatan | peninsula located in Central America; where Chichen Itza flourished in 800 CE | 17 | |
| 60272180 | Nahuatl | indigenous language that flourished in Mexico; the prevalent tongue in the region since the time of the Toltecs | 18 | |
| 60272181 | La Venta | 800-400 BCE; became new ceremonial center as San Lorenzo's influence waned | 19 |
