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| 133237654 | Ibn-Rushd | Muslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam | 0 | |
| 133237655 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 1 | |
| 133237656 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422) | 2 | |
| 133237657 | Black Death | An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. (p. 397) | 3 | |
| 133237658 | Renaissance | The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history | 4 | |
| 133237659 | Portugal, Castile, and Aragon | A regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 5 | |
| 133237660 | Francesco Petrarch | Known as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He lived from 1304-1374 as a cleric and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and careful study of the classics. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except for his sonnets, which were composed to his "lady love" who spoke no Latin. | 6 | |
| 133237661 | Inquisition | A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s. | 7 | |
| 133237662 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 8 | |
| 133237663 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 9 | |
| 133237664 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 10 | |
| 133237665 | East India Companies | British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions. | 11 | |
| 133237666 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 12 | |
| 133237667 | Lepanto | Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims. | 13 |
