Chapters 20-21 The Earth and Its Peoples
2/7 of the Quarter 3 Test
Terms : Hide Images
| 332602542 | Kangxi | Qing emperor who oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. | 0 | |
| 332602543 | Li Zicheng | Rebel leader who helped to over throw the Ming Dynasty | 1 | |
| 332602544 | Lord George Macartney | British trade official; refused to "kowtow" to the emperor of China and as a result, he lost the trade opportunity | 2 | |
| 332602545 | Matteo Ricci | An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China | 3 | |
| 332602546 | Mikhail Romanov | Russian tsar (r. 1613-1645) A member of the Russian aristocracy, he became tsar after the old line of Muscovite rulers was deposed. (p. 551) | 4 | |
| 332602547 | Peter the Great | Czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government | 5 | |
| 332602548 | Tokugawa Ieyasu | Founder of the last shogunate in Japan. Administrative capital was in Edo. | 6 | |
| 332602549 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | General under Nobanga; suceeded as leading military power in Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constucted a series of military alliances that made him the military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598. | 7 | |
| 332602550 | Amur River | This river valley was a contested frontier between northern China and eastern Russia until the settlement arranged in the Treaty of Nerchinsk. | 8 | |
| 332602551 | Boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 9 | |
| 332602552 | Cossacks | Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. These peoples led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th/17th centuries. | 10 | |
| 332602553 | Daimyo | literally, "great name(s)". These were Japanese warlords and great landowners, whose armed samurai gave them control of the Japanese islands from the 8th to the late 19th century. | 11 | |
| 332602554 | Edo (Tokyo) | Tokugawa made this the new capital during his reign | 12 | |
| 332602555 | Kowtow | A respectful bow to do towards the Chinese emperor. | 13 | |
| 332602556 | Macao | One of two ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty | 14 | |
| 332602557 | Manchu | the race of people who conquered China and founded the Qing Dynasty | 15 | |
| 332602558 | Muscovy | Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276-1598 | 16 | |
| 332602559 | Nagasaki | Trading port, after Jesuit disputes, only the Dutch were allowed to reside here, and only for 2-3 months at a time | 17 | |
| 332602560 | Samurai | Literally, "those who serve," the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa Shogunate | 18 | |
| 332602561 | Siberia | The extreme north-eastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk. | 19 | |
| 332602562 | Tsar (Czar) | From Latin Caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in the 16th century. | 20 | |
| 332602563 | Ural Mountains | This north-south range separates Siberia from the rest of Russia. It is commonly considered the boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. | 21 | |
| 332602564 | Catherine the Great | This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia | 22 | |
| 332602565 | Denis Diderot | French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France | 23 | |
| 332602566 | Frederick the Great | This was the Prussian king who embraced culture and wrote poetry and prose. He gave religious and philosophical toleration to all subjects, abolished torture and made the laws simpler | 24 | |
| 332602567 | Jean Jacques Rousseau | A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy | 25 | |
| 332602568 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 26 | |
| 332602569 | Marie Antoinette | queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular. She and her husband were executed by revolutionaries during the Terror | 27 | |
| 332602570 | Maximilien Robespierre | Young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror. | 28 | |
| 332602571 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. | 29 | |
| 332602572 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | Haitian patriot and leader of the Haitian Revolution slave rebellion | 30 | |
| 332602573 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution | 31 | |
| 332602574 | Guillotine | a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution. | 32 | |
| 332602575 | Jacobins | Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre. | 33 | |
| 332602576 | Congress of Vienna | Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. | 34 | |
| 332602577 | Enlightenment | a philosophical belief system in 18th century Europe that claimed that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics | 35 | |
| 332602578 | Estates General | France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and the commoners. | 36 | |
| 332602579 | French Revolution | the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799. | 37 | |
| 332602580 | Haitian Revolution | Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. This revolution set up the first black government in the Western Hemisphere and the world's second democratic republic (after the US). | 38 | |
| 332602581 | National Assembly | French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789. | 39 | |
| 332602582 | Reign of Terror | the historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed | 40 | |
| 332602583 | Revolutions of 1848 | Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed. | 41 | |
| 332602584 | Storming of the Bastille | Paris-July 14, 1789~the medieval fortress and prison known as the Bastille contained only seven prisoners, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution and it subsequently become an icon of the French Republic | 42 |
