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AP WORLD FLASHCARDS Flashcards

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165895142agriculturethe practice of cultivating the land or raising stock0
165895143abicate(v.) to resign, formally give up an office or a duty; to disown, discard synonyms: step down, relinquish,renounce antonyms: retain1
165895144alliesthe alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 19452
165895145armamentsThe weapons and supplies of war with which a military unit is equipped3
165895146atomic energythe energy released by a nuclear reaction4
165895147capitalisman economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.5
165895148cold warThe ideological struggle between communism (Soviet Union) and capitalism (United States) for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile crisis but never attacked one another. (831)6
165895149conservativedisposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.7
165895150containment(military) the act of containing something or someone8
165895151decolonizationthe action of changing from colonial to independent status9
165895152deposedremoved from office or power10
165895153democratizationthe spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative11
165895154doctrinea belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school12
165895155egalitarianA person who believes in the equality of all people13
165895156ethnic cleansingthe mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area14
165895157exodusa journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment15
165895158fascisma political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)16
165895159first worldthe largely democratic and free-market states of the United States and Western Europe (Cold War to today)17
165895160front linethe line along which opposing armies face each other18
165895161globalizationsongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of exchange19
165895162global warmingan increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)20
165895163guerilla warfaremilitary strategy in which an army does not engage the enemy head on21
165895164US interventionreducing competitive nature of markets22
165895165jihada holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal23
165895166legislaturepersons who make or amend or repeal laws24
165895167liberala person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties25
165895168militarisma political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests26
165895169nationalismlove of country and willingness to sacrifice for it27
165895170nationalizeput under state control or ownership28
165895171nation-stateA country who's population share a common identity.29
165895172natural resourcesresources (actual and potential) supplied by nature30
165895173national socialist partyNazi Party31
165895174nuclear(weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy32
165895175radicalmarkedly new or introducing radical change33
165895176recessionthe state of the economy declines34
165895177reparationspayment for damages after a war35
165895178revolutionthe overthrow of a government by those who are governed36
165895179rivalrythe act of competing as for profit or a prize37
165895180secularconcerning those not members of the clergy38
165895181terrorismthe calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature39
165895182third worldunderdeveloped and developing countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America collectively40
165895183totalitariancharacterized by a government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control41
165895184westernizationassimilation of Western culture42
165895185apartheida social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites43
165895186asian tigersCollective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s. (p. 861)44
165895187aswan damone of the world's largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt45
165895188kemel mustafa...46
165895189ayatollah khomeiniIranian religious leader of the Shiites47
165895190berlin airliftairlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin48
165895191berlin walla wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West49
165895192bolshevik partythe party that seized power under Lenin's leadership.50
165895193fidel castroCuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)51
165895194chian kai shekLeader of the Nationalist forces in China52
165895195winston churchillA noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.53
165895196cuban missile crisisan international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.54
165895197cultural revolutiona radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard55
165895198deng xioaping...56
165895199eastern blocNations favorable to the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe during the cold war-particularly Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, and East Germany57
165895200european economic communityan international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members58
165895201european unionan international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members59
165895202fourteen pointsthe war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations60
165895203mahatmas ghandiA 20th-century Indian who helped lead his country to independence by using nonviolent resistance to colonial rule.61
165895204marcus garveyMany poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business62
165895205great leap forwardStarted by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years63
165895206adolph hitlergerman leader of Nazi Party. 1933-1945. rose to power by promoting racist and national views64
165895207ho chi minhVietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)65
165895208holocaustan act of great destruction and loss of life66
165895209saddam husseinAs president of Iraq, Saddam maintained power through the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the first Persian Gulf War (1991). During these conflicts, Saddam repressed movements he deemed threatening to the stability of Iraq, particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements seeking to overthrow the government or gain independence, respectively. While he remained a popular hero among many disaffected Arabs everywhere for standing up to the West and for his support for the Palestinians, U.S. leaders continued to view Saddam with deep suspicion following the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Saddam was deposed by the U.S. and its allies during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.67
165895210IAEAthe United Nations agency concerned with atomic energy68
165895211IMFa United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies69
165895212intifadaan uprising by Palestinian Arabs (in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank) against Israel in the late 1980s and again in 200070
165895213Iran-Iraq warThe war began when Iraq invaded Iran on September 22 1980 following a long history of border disputes and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long suppressed Shia majority influenced by Iran's Islamic revolution.71
165895214iron curtainterm coined by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe an imaginary line dividing Communist countries in the Soviet bloc from countries in Western Europe during the Cold War72
165895215israelIn antiquity, the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River, occupied by the Israelites from the early second millennium B.C.E. The modern state of Israel was founded in 1948. (p. 98)73
165895216korean wara war between North and South Korea74
165895217league of nationsan international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations75
165895218vladimir leninRussian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)76
165895219mao zedongThis man became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and remained its leader until his death. He declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and supported the Chinese peasantry throughout his life.77
165895220marshall plana United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)78
165895221NAFTAA trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.79
165895222NATOan international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security80
165895223OPECan organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum81
165895224shah reza pahlavithe leader of Iran after World War II that was supported by Western government and Western oil companies. He tried to weaken the political influence of religion in Iran by limiting the role of the Islamic legal and academic experts. He was forced to flee from Iran in January 1979.82
165895225palestinean ancient country is southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean83
165895226rape of nanjingJapanese attack on Chinese capital from 1937-1938 when Japanese aggressorts slaughtered 100,000 civilians and raped thousands of women in order to gain control of China84
165895227six days warThe war where 3 countries attacked Isreal at once (Jordan, Egypt, and Syria)85
165895228josef stalindictator of the Soviet Union, turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state86
165895229sun yat senChinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms.87
165895230third reichThe Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 194588
165895231treaty of versaillesthe treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans89
165895232trench warfarewar from inside trenches enemies would try killing eachother with machine guns and tanks, and poison gas90
165895233leon trotskyRussian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army91
165895234truman doctrinePresident Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology92
165895235USSRa former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia93
165895236United Nationsan organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security94
165895237Vietnam Wara prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States95
165895238War on TerrorInitiated by President George W. Bush after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the broadly defined war on terror aimed to weed out terrorist operatives and their supporters throughout the world.96
165895239Warsaw Pacttreaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania97
165895240Woodrow Wilson28th President of the United States98
165895241WTOan international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade99
165895242WWIMachine Gun: helped stalemate. Women: kept economy going. Innvolvment of US: when Germay sunk Lusitania; zimmerman note. Archduke Ferdinand: Led to AH declarign war on Serbia, killed by Black Hand. Dates: 1914-1919.100
165895243WWIIbegan when Germany invaded Poland in 1934; US became in WWII when Pearl Harbor was bombed by Japan in 1941101
165895244young turks partyA Turkish revolutionary nationalist reform party, officially known as the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), whose leaders led a rebellion against the Ottoman sultan and effectively ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1908 until shortly before World War I.102
165895245abolishdo away with103
165895246absolute monarchruler with complete control over the government and the lives of the people.104
165895247assembly linemechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it105
165895248capitalwealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value106
165895249capitalisman economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.107
165895250cartela consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service108
165895251commercialconnected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises109
165895252communisma form of socialism that abolishes private ownership110
165895253constitutionUnited States 44-gun frigate that was one of the first three naval ships built by the United States111
165895254corporationa business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts112
165895255doctrine..., The church's teachings about God and our salvation, based on the Bible.113
165895256domestic..., of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation114
165895257emancipation of the serfs..., Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land.115
165895259enlightenment..., An intellectual movement concentrated in France during the 1700's developed rational laws to describe social behavior and applied their findings in support of human rights and liberal economic theories.116
165895262free market..., individuals decide what to produce and sell117
165895265european imperialism..., -Expansion of European nations and acquiring colonies became part of European power struggle -Based on rapid progress in science, technology, economic skills, political organization -European nations populated the world and used their resources for their own countries gain→now a global competition for power among European empires and frantic race to occupy unclaimed parts of the world - Britain emerged as colonial giant -Result: world fallen under European or western domination - Imperialists imposed their western culture on all other cultures118
165895267industrial revolutionthe change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.119
165895268laissez faire..., policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy120
165895271marxism...121
165895273nationalism...122
165895278social darwinism...123
165895280socialism...124
165895289berlin conference 1884..., called by otto von bismarck, set rules for future annexations of african territory, success at averting war but not in reducing tension, called for free commerce and efforts at ending slave trade125
165895290bloody sunday..., In Russia 1905 Russian soldiers inadvertently opened fire on demonstrators, turning them against the tsar. Possibly the start of the Revolution.126
165895291boxer rebellions..., 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese (the Boxers) who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.127
165895292boer war..., a conflict, lasting from 1899 to 1902, in which the Boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa128
165895293british east india company..., A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.129
165895296communist manifesto..., This is the 1848 book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes.130
165895297congress of vienna..., Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. 1814-1815131
165895299declarations of the right of man...132
165895300the diet of japan...133
165895301emanicipation of serfs...134
165895302empress cixi...135
165895303frederich engles...136
165895304execution of Louis the XVI...137
165895305miguel hidalgo...138
165895306indian national congress...139
165895307intolerable acts...140
165895308the jewel in the crown...141
165895309mahmut II...142
165895310karl marx...143
165895311maxim guns...144
165895312meiji restoration...145
165895313monroe doctrine...146
165895314muhammad ali...147
165895315muslim league...148
165895316napoleon bonaparte...149
165895317open door policy...150
165895318opium wars...151
165895319panama canal...152
165895320the Raj...153
165895321reign of terror...154
165895322cecil rhodes...155
165895323arudyard kipling...156
165895324russification...157
165895325Russo Japanese war...158
165895326scramble for africa...159
165895327sepoy mutiny...160
165895328seven years war...161
165895329sino japanese war...162
165895330social darwinism...163
165895331spanish american war...164
165895332spheres of influence...165
165895333suez canal...166
165895334the state of duma of russia...167
165895335steam engine...168
165895336taiping rebellion...169
165895337unequal treaties...170
165895338otto von bismark...171
165895339white man's burden...172
165895340witte industrialization program...173
165895341young turks party...174
165895342absolute monarch...175
165895343agrarian...176
165895344atheists...177
165895345capitalism...178
165895346cash crop...179
165895347circumnavigate...180
165895348colonization...181
165895349commerce...182
165895350commercial...183
165895351commonwealth...184
165895352consequeces...185
165895353contiuity...186
165895354convent...187
165895355deists...188
165895356demography...189
165895357divine right...190
165895358dominant...191
165895359economy...192
165895360hedonism...193
165895361hinder...194
165895362humanism...195
165895363lef wing...196
165895364mercantilism...197
165895365monastic...198
165895366papacy...199
165895367parlaiment...200
165895368right wing...201
165895369satire...202
165895370vassals...203
165895371venerate...204
165895372vernacular...205
165895373age of reason...206
165895374akbar the great...207
165895375batavia indonesia...208
165895376john clavin...209
165895377columbian exchange...210
165895378counter reformation...211
165895379dutch east india company...212
165895380eastern orthodox...213
165895381eastern orthodx...214
165895382edicts of nantes...215
165895383encomienda system...216
165895384english bill of rights...217
165895385english commonwealth...218
165895386european exploration...219
165895387floating empires...220
165895388gutenbergs printing press...221
165895389hacienda system...222
165895390heliocentric theory...223
165895391holy roman emire...224
165895392hugeanots...225
165895393inquisition...226
165895394jannisary corps...227
165895395law of heavenly bodies...228
165895396manchu china...229
165895397potosi silver mine...230
165895398shogun...231
165895399straits of malacca...232
165895400tokugawa bakufu system...233
165895401treaty of westphalia...234
165895402zheng he...235
165895403caliphate...236
165895404dowry...237
165895405fiefs...238
165895406garrisons...239
165895407hajj...240
165895408heresy...241
165895409heretic...242
165895410hijab...243
165895411monetary system...244
165895412primogeniture...245
165895413pax romana...246
165895414byzantium...247
165895415shi haung diblack death...248
165895416siddhartha gautamachang'an...249
165895417empress wu...250
165895418the vedas of hinduism...251
165895419ghengis khan...252
165895420hanseatic league...253
165895421hundred years war...254
165895422code of justinian...255
165895423magna carta...256
165895424mansa musa...257
165895425cyrillic alphabet...258
165895426schism in christianity...259
165895427schism in islam...260
165895428timbuktu...261
165895429william the conqueror...262
165895430paleolithic...263
165895431sustenance...264
165895432analects of confucious...265
165895433code of hammurabi...266
165895434cuneiform...267
165895435four noble truths...268
165895436the huns...269
165895437hellenism...270
165895438indian ocean trade...271
165895439pastoral...272
165895440ziggurats...273
165895441franks...274
165895442theocracy...275
165895443the torah...276

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