flashcards etc
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| 215680878 | Neolithic Revolution | when humans went from being nomad/hunter gatherers to settling in one place and farming | 0 | |
| 215680879 | Tigris and Euphrates rivers | rivers that ran through Mesopotamia, between them, was an area known as the Fertile Crescent. | 1 | |
| 216531125 | Patrician | a member of the noble families who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic | 2 | |
| 216531126 | Plebian | in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population | 3 | |
| 216531127 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. (p. 148) | 4 | |
| 216531128 | Julius Caesar | conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC) | 5 | |
| 216531129 | Roman Empire | an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire | 6 | |
| 216531130 | Augustus | Honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. (151) | 7 | |
| 216531131 | Aqueducts | Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities | 8 | |
| 222942346 | Plebian Reforms | reforms that helped out plebians; let plebians have more say in Government | 9 | |
| 222942347 | Principate | the system of rule established by Augustus; established constitutional monarchy- "ruler by law" | 10 | |
| 216531132 | Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome. | 11 | |
| 216531133 | Christianity | a religion that developed out of Judaism which is based on the life and teachings of Jesus | 12 | |
| 216531134 | Paul | Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world | 13 | |
| 216531135 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians | 14 | |
| 216531136 | Edict of Milan | a ruling by Constantine that allowed Christians to openly practice their faith in the Roman empire. | 15 | |
| 216531137 | Shi Huangdi | founder of the Qin dynasty and China's first emperor; united China | 16 | |
| 216531138 | Qin | Dynasty that came to power in China in 200 B.C. under which the first true empire of China was created | 17 | |
| 216531139 | Han | imperial dynasty that ruled China and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 18 | |
| 216531140 | Emperor Wu | Most active of Han Emperors; gave Confucian scholars a privileged position; noble land and sold offices | 19 | |
| 222887356 | Egalitarianism | the belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights | 20 | |
| 222887357 | Sumerians | people who migrated to Mesopotamia; developed a cuneiform alphabet, art, science ; organized area into city-states | 21 | |
| 222887358 | City-State | a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside | 22 | |
| 222887359 | Cuneiform | an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia | 23 | |
| 222887360 | Ziggurat | a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians | 24 | |
| 222887361 | Anthropomorphic Religion | Gods that had Human like characteristics. | 25 | |
| 222887362 | Nile | this famous body of water in africa is where the great egyptian civilizations grew is | 26 | |
| 222887363 | Divine Kingship | the right to rule is god-given | 27 | |
| 222887364 | Pyramid | Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old Kingdom | 28 | |
| 222887365 | Hieroglyphics | an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds | 29 | |
| 222887366 | Bureacracy | goverment with many departments and bureaus all headed by appointed officals | 30 | |
| 222887367 | Indus River | the location of the first river valley civilization of India | 31 | |
| 222887368 | Divination | the art or act of predicting the future or discovering hidden knowledge | 32 | |
| 222887369 | Iron | Material used for weapons and tools that became cheap and widely available | 33 | |
| 222887370 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 34 | |
| 222887371 | Decentralized Political Structure | The structure in which the population is very spread out and not necessarily under one rule, but is part of one civilization | 35 | |
| 222887372 | Warring States Period | the period from 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC when regional warlords battled amongst eachother and there was no ruler | 36 | |
| 222887373 | Confucianism | ideas of Confucius, emphasizing such values as family, tradition, and mutual respect | 37 | |
| 222887374 | Filial Piety | in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors | 38 | |
| 222887375 | Daoism | Daoism emphasizes living in harmony with nature | 39 | |
| 222887376 | Legalism | strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit | 40 | |
| 222887377 | Patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line | 41 | |
| 222887378 | Nubia | East African trading empire that developed south of Egypt on the Nile River | 42 | |
| 222887379 | Cultural Diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 43 | |
| 222887380 | Hittites | An ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron. | 44 | |
| 222942348 | Chariot | a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle vehicle | 45 | |
| 222887381 | Egypt's New Kingdom | Expanded to Nubia, Palestine, and Syria. Buffered from attack, conflict with Hittites, increase contact and trade. | 46 | |
| 222887382 | Hatshepsut | female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade | 47 | |
| 222942349 | Xiongu | nomads on hourseback, archery, lived north and west of China, | 48 | |
| 222942350 | Class | people having the same social or economic status | 49 | |
| 222942351 | Caste | a hereditary social class among Hindus | 50 | |
| 222942352 | Reincarnation | in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves Nirvana | 51 | |
| 222942353 | Karma | the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation | 52 | |
| 222942354 | Jainism | religion founded as a revolt against Hinduism | 53 | |
| 222942355 | Buddhism | religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha; taught that the way to end suffering was to give up all desires | 54 | |
| 222942356 | 4 Noble Truths | Suffering exists; suffering is caused by desire; to end suffering, end desire; to end desire, follow the eight fold path. | 55 | |
| 222942357 | 8 Fold Path | the path of life followed by Buddhists to reach nirvana | 56 | |
| 222942358 | Nirvana | in Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment | 57 | |
| 222942359 | Bodhisattva | Buddhist worthy of nirvana who postpones it to help others | 58 | |
| 222942360 | Hinduism | A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods (sort-of) and reincarnation | 59 | |
| 222942361 | Bhagavad Gita | one of the sacred writings of Hinduism | 60 | |
| 222942362 | Mauryan Empire | The first empire in India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya | 61 | |
| 222942363 | Chandragupta Maurya | The founder of the Mauryan Empire | 62 | |
| 222942364 | Ashoka | a ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism after a life of slaughter | 63 | |
| 222942365 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism | 64 | |
| 222942366 | Ramses II | Pharaoh who exanded Egypt through warfare | 65 | |
| 222942367 | Minoan Crete | the earliest civilization in the aegean region; dissapered; had plumbing | 66 | |
| 222942368 | Extent of Assyrian Empire | Turkey, Egypt, Middle East | 67 | |
| 222942369 | Nineveh | Assyria's capital on the Tigris River; Site of one of the Earliest Libraries | 68 | |
| 222942370 | Solomon | son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom | 69 | |
| 222942371 | Jewish Diaspora | the scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland | 70 | |
| 222942372 | Phoenician Alphabet | A series of 22 written symbols that represented sounds; became the model for later western alphabets | 71 | |
| 222942373 | Darius I | king of Persia who expanded the empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon | 72 | |
| 222942374 | Satrap | a governor of a province in ancient Persia | 73 | |
| 222942375 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster | 74 | |
| 222942376 | Polis | City in Greek, center of the City states | 75 | |
| 222942377 | Acropolis | a large hill in ancient Greece where city residents met to discuss community affairs | 76 | |
| 222942378 | Hoplite Warfare | Smash with Shields, poke with spears. A revolution in Greece the leads to democracy | 77 | |
| 222942379 | Athens | Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture. | 78 | |
| 222942380 | Sparta | an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess | 79 | |
| 222942381 | Democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 80 | |
| 222942382 | Persian Wars | A series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire | 81 | |
| 222942383 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 82 | |
| 222942384 | Alexander the Great | Conquered and ruled an empire stretching from Macedonia to the Indus Valley | 83 | |
| 222942385 | Delian League | Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia; Athens later used this to become virtually the leader of Greece | 84 | |
| 222942386 | Socrates | ancient Athenian philosopher | 85 | |
| 222942387 | Heroductus | Greek historian, has records of theatrical performances, One of if not the earliest philosophers | 86 |
