Terms : Hide Images
| 44298456 | globalization | growth to a global or worldwide scale | 0 | |
| 44298457 | import | commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country | 1 | |
| 44298458 | export | commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country | 2 | |
| 44298459 | free market economy | Capitalism, private ownership law of supply and demand | 3 | |
| 44298460 | supply | an amount of something available for use | 4 | |
| 44298461 | demand | the ability and desire to purchase goods and services | 5 | |
| 44298462 | scarcity | limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants | 6 | |
| 44298463 | commodities | economic goods or products before they are processed and/or given a brand name, such as a product of agriculture | 7 | |
| 44298464 | ration | a fixed portion that is allotted (especially in times of scarcity) | 8 | |
| 44298465 | world trade routes | places where trade was known & famous for ( mainly around the Med. Sea ) | 9 | |
| 44298466 | diaspora traders | the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel. the dispersion of any people from their original homeland: the diaspora of boat people from Asia. | 10 | |
| 44298467 | pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items | 11 | |
| 44298468 | timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning (388 | 12 | |
| 44298469 | sahel | a strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas | 13 | |
| 44298470 | haji | a pilgrim who journeys to Mecca | 14 | |
| 44298471 | lateen | a triangular fore-and-aft sail used especially in the Mediterranean | 15 | |
| 44298472 | jongs | cargo ships (junks) left by Polynesian sailors. ships with multilayered hulls, 2 to 4 masts, 2 rudders, and a normal capacity of 400 to 500 tons | 16 | |
| 44298473 | mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. >(p. 325) | 17 | |
| 44298474 | ming dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 18 | |
| 44298475 | abbasid empire | founded by Abu- Al Abbas from 700 to 1258 and was based on equality | 19 | |
| 44298476 | pax mongolica | -Mongol Peace-used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create | 20 | |
| 44298477 | yurts | movable tents Mongols lived in | 21 | |
| 44298478 | chinggis khan | born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all MOngol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world | 22 | |
| 44298479 | vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century. | 23 | |
| 44298480 | leif eriksson | The son of Erik the Red. He sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast | 24 | |
| 44298481 | william the conquerer | meshed Scandinavian and European culture,1066, Battle of Hastings, Viking prince.ruled Britain and France at the same time | 25 | |
| 44298482 | battle of lepanto | a naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies ahd surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes. | 26 | |
| 44298483 | guilds | business associations that dominated medieval towns; they passed laws, levied taxes, built protective walls for the city, etc. Each guild represented workers in one occupation such as weavers, bakers, brewers, sword makers, etc. | 27 | |
| 44298484 | hanseatic league | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. (p. 401) | 28 | |
| 44298485 | anselm | an Italian who was a Benedictine monk | 29 | |
| 44298486 | frances of assisi | Saint who worried about animals | 30 | |
| 44298487 | thomas aquinas | (Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology | 31 | |
| 44298488 | renaissance | the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world | 32 | |
| 44298489 | humanism | a philosophy in which interests and values of human beings are of primary importance | 33 | |
| 44298490 | the medici family | a powerful banking family who had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe. | 34 | |
| 44298491 | michelangelo | Florentine sculptor and painter and architect | 35 | |
| 44298492 | leonardo da vinci | Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect | 36 | |
| 44298493 | niccolo machiavelli | a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527) | 37 | |
| 44298494 | johannes gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 38 | |
| 44298495 | henry the navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. (p. 425) | 39 | |
| 44298496 | bartolomeu dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. (p. 428) | 40 | |
| 44298497 | vasco de gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 41 | |
| 44298498 | ferdinand magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 42 | |
| 44298499 | james cook | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779) | 43 | |
| 44298500 | joseph banks | 1st Baronet, GCB, PRS (13 February 1743 - 19 June 1820) was a British naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. | 44 | |
| 44298501 | abu bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 45 | |
| 44298502 | ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 46 | |
| 44298503 | baghdad | capital and largest city of Iraq | 47 | |
| 44298504 | byzantine empire | a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 | 48 | |
| 44298505 | caliphate | the office of a caliph, Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. (See also Abbasid Caliphate; Sokoto Caliphate; Umayyad Caliphate.) (p. 232) | 49 | |
| 44298506 | caste | (Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus | 50 | |
| 44298507 | umar | One of the 1st 4 caliphs. Friend of Muhammad. A merchant. Spread Islam to Syria, Egypt, and Persia; redesigned government; paid soldiers; held a census; made taxes more fair; built roads & canals; aided poor | 51 | |
| 44298508 | imams | spiritual leaders of Shi'ah Islam, said to be direct descendents of Muhammad | 52 | |
| 44298509 | ulama | the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community | 53 | |
| 44298510 | dar al islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 54 | |
| 44298511 | berber | a cluster of related dialects that were once the major language of northern Africa west of Egypt | 55 | |
| 44298512 | tribute system | an important element of Chinese foreign policy, by which neighboring states paid for the privilege of access to Chinese markets, received legitimization and agreed not to harbor enemies of the Chinese Empire | 56 | |
| 44298513 | crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims | 57 | |
| 44298514 | dome of the rock | a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God | 58 | |
| 44298515 | dynasty | a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family | 59 |
