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| 236375110 | Herodotus | greek historian, "father of History" | 0 | |
| 236375111 | Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) | 1 | |
| 236375112 | Parthenon | the main temple of the goddess Athena; built with money from the Delian League | 2 | |
| 236375113 | Pericles | Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to the high tide of Athenian democracy | 3 | |
| 236375114 | Solon | Served as a mediator between Greek classes | 4 | |
| 236375115 | Minoan | an ancient civilization of the island of Crete [3000-1100 BC] | 5 | |
| 236375116 | Knossos | capital of the Minoan Society; had lavish palaces and vivid frescos | 6 | |
| 236375117 | Mycenaean | Indo-European people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. | 7 | |
| 236375118 | Polis | another name for city-state; a citadel | 8 | |
| 236375119 | agora | meeting place for Athenians | 9 | |
| 236375120 | arete | pursuit of excellence | 10 | |
| 236375121 | helots | Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E. | 11 | |
| 236375122 | Peloponnesian War | A war, lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies. | 12 | |
| 236375123 | Phillip II | King of Macedon who defeated a combined army of Thebes and Athens to become the ruler of the Greek city-states; father of Alexander the Great. | 13 | |
| 236375124 | Delian League | Alliance formed to protect against threats from Persia (after the persian war); led by Athens and became an Athenian empire | 14 | |
| 236375125 | Battle of Marathon | one of the first battles of the Persian Wars in which the Athenians defeated the Persians even though they were outnumbered | 15 | |
| 236375126 | Salamis | naval battle where the Greek forces defeated the Persians, shortly after the battle at Thermopylae | 16 | |
| 236375127 | Romulus and Remus | Legend says they are twin sons that found Rome and were raised by a she wolf | 17 | |
| 236375128 | Etruscans | lived before the Romans and influenced their culture | 18 | |
| 236375129 | Paul of Taurus | The Jewish convert who had a vision of Jesus and spent his life spreading Jesus's words; martyred in Rome | 19 | |
| 236375130 | Latifundia | large farming estates in ancient Rome | 20 | |
| 236375131 | Sulla | Rival of Marius, He marches on Rome and takes control of the senate, he kills all who oppose him. Tries to reestablish a new senate. | 21 | |
| 236375132 | Julius Caesar | Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic | 22 | |
| 236375133 | Augustus | First Citizen of Rome; referred to as Octavian; Avenged Julius Caesars death | 23 | |
| 236375134 | Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus | brother tribunes who attempted to introduce land and citizenship reform under the late Roman republic; both were killed by order of the Senate. | 24 | |
| 236375135 | Mark Antony | Caesar's right-hand man; fell in love with Cleopatra; defeated by Octavian | 25 | |
| 236375136 | Cleopatra | Last of the Egyptian Ptolemic rulers, allied with Mark Antony | 26 | |
| 236375137 | Tacitus | A Roman historian who presented the facts accurately. He wrote about the good and the bad of imperial Rome in his Annals and Histories. | 27 | |
| 236375138 | pater familias | Roman term for the "father of the family," a theoretical implication that gave the male head of the family almost unlimited authority. | 28 | |
| 236375139 | Spartacus | slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion against the roman army for slave freedom- he was killed after two years | 29 | |
| 236375140 | patricians | the wealthy class in Roman society; landowners | 30 | |
| 236375141 | plebeians | lower class in Roman society, usually small farmers | 31 | |
| 236375142 | proletariat | Roman working class | 32 | |
| 236375143 | Hannibal | general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War | 33 | |
| 236375144 | Gauls | group of people sacked the city of Rome and left it in ruins 390 bc, came from what is now known as France | 34 | |
| 236375145 | senate | In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats. | 35 | |
| 236375146 | legion | A military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback. | 36 | |
| 236375147 | Latins | they migrated to Italy around 800 B.C. and settled along the Tiber River in small villages scattered over seven low-lying hills. They built the original settlement at Rome - atop Palatine Hill. These setters were considered to be the first Romans. | 37 | |
| 236375148 | Twelve Tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law | 38 | |
| 236375149 | gravitas | Roman value; means seriousness in public duty | 39 | |
| 236375150 | Carthage | Originally a Phoenician colony in northern Africa; became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean; fought the Punic Wars with Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean | 40 | |
| 236375151 | Taklamakan Desert | (China; 105,000 sq. mi.) This Desert is an extremely cold, sandy desert known for splitting the Silk Road into branches running north and south of it. It is bounded by the Kunlun, Pamir, and Tian Shan mountain ranges. | 41 | |
| 236375152 | Silk roads | a system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods. | 42 | |
| 236375153 | Marcus Aurelius | Emperor of Rome; sent envoys over the silk roads | 43 | |
| 236375154 | Battle of Zama | the final decisive battle of II Punic War. Publius Cornelius Scipio defeated Hannibal. | 44 | |
| 236375155 | Scipio | Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC); Named Africanus to honor his victory | 45 | |
| 236375156 | Epidemic Diseases | A disease that spreads rapidly and extensively by infections and affecting many individuals at the same time. | 46 | |
| 236375157 | Barracks Emperors | claimants to the Roman imperial throne; most of them were generals who seized power, held it briefly, and then suddenly lost it when they were displaced by rivals or by their mutinous troops | 47 | |
| 236375158 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. (p.159) | 48 | |
| 236375159 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and maximian in the west. he did the last persecution of the Christians | 49 | |
| 236375160 | Huns | Warlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome | 50 | |
| 236375161 | Attila the Hun | A king of the Huns in the fifth century. His forces overran many parts of central and eastern Europe. His armies were known for their cruelty and wholesale destruction. | 51 | |
| 236375162 | Romulus Augustulus | the last emperor in the western Roman Empire; overthrown in 476 | 52 | |
| 236375163 | Council of Nicaea | The first gathering of Christian Bishops to try to find a clearly defined doctrine, set up by Emperor Constantine | 53 | |
| 236375164 | Peter | A.D. 5-67 One of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, bishop of Rome | 54 | |
| 236375165 | Edict of Milan | issued by Constantine in 313, ended the "great persecution" and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire | 55 | |
| 236375166 | Odovacer | A Germanic general who deposed the last Roman emperor in 476, marking the fall of the Western Roman Empire | 56 | |
| 236375167 | Alaric | king of the Visigoths who sacked Rome in 410 (370-410) | 57 | |
| 236375168 | Antioch | City near Anatolia; important trade center on the Silk roads | 58 | |
| 236375169 | Zhang Qian | on expedition; sent by Wudi in 139 BC; general and explorer; 13 years later his troops went back nearly wiped out by barbarian attacks and were in captivity for 10 years | 59 |
