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| 5820820497 | The Romanovs | A royal family established by Mikhail after his election. This family ruled Russia from 1600s to 1917, encouraged Russification, and allegiance to the Eastern Orthodox Church." | 0 | |
| 5820822559 | Taj Mahal | A tomb built by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, in memory of his wife. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. | 1 | |
| 5820824053 | Seven Years' War | Series of conflicts from 1756-1763 in India, the Caribbean, and North America that led to British hegemony of global trade. Significant because it reflected the commercial rivalries developed from European exploration and Europeans' desire to set up trading posts. | 2 | |
| 5820842868 | Serfdom in Russia | As a result of debt, many peasants were forced to serve the agrarian based economy who were not slaves but could be sold, and were labeled as serfs. This was comparable to feudalism, just in a later system and a different location. | 3 | |
| 5820842869 | Ottoman Empire: Rise and Expansion | The Turks took control of the Byzantine capital Constantinople (Istanbul) through their use of gunpowder from China. By the mid 1500s the Ottoman Empire was the largest and most powerful of the Middle East and Europe. Significant because the Turks defeated the once most powerful empire and now had control of trading routes and significant land. | 4 | |
| 5820844347 | English Civil War | A conflict (1642-1651) between supporters of the English monarchy and members of the English Parliament, who sought constitutional state. Historical Significance: established the rights of the Parliament and paved the way for democratic government by the late nineteenth century. | 5 | |
| 5820845430 | Safavid Empire | This empire gained control over modern-day Iran after fighting the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Chaldiran, and created a theocracy from the Shiite sect of Islam. Decline due to conflict with Ottomans, Russians and Mughals. The significance of the empire was its long-distance trade which flourished under the empire. | 6 | |
| 5820845431 | Millet System | In the Ottoman Empire, these were legally protected religious communities of non-Muslims that were permitted to maintain their own traditional religious beliefs. Major millets were composed of Jews, Greeks, and Armenians, who promised not to undermine the sultan's authority. As empires expanded, rulers were often faced with the challenge of incorporating conquered peoples, who were culturally diverse, into their empires. | 7 | |
| 5820846769 | Ivan the Terrible | Russian czar who expanded empire with cruel authority and ensured that there would be few challenges to the aristocracy. Significant because he grew the territory and consolidated the czar's rule. | 8 | |
| 5820848118 | Scientific Revolution: Scientists | "-Galileo Galilei was a mathematician and astronomer; he learned to build telescopes in order to observe the skies; found evidence in support of the heliocentric theory; put on trial by the Catholic Church -Isaac Newton was a mathematician; used observation and math to prove his theories, including his theory of universal gravitation -René Descartes was a scientist, mathematician and philosopher; focused on the importance of reason and its role in the quest for truth Historical significance: The new approach to science was based on reason, observation, and experimentation and culminated in the Scientific Method. " | 9 | |
| 5820848119 | Tokugawa Period: Isolation | The Portuguese arrived in Japan in 1543 and made a commercial relationship between the two nations. Things like tobacco and firearms were introduced to Japan; their swords were no match to firearms. Christians then went to Japan to try and convert them this put fear in the Japanese so foreign trade became forbidden. | 10 | |
| 5820850070 | African Diaspora | Forced migration of stories, music, language, and food is what spread African culture to the Americas. It is significant because it still continues to be present in contemporary American culture. | 11 | |
| 5820851471 | Peter the Great | He was well known czar for centralizing his authority and bringing Western ideas to the Russian Empire. He also introduced many reforms that changed Russia but also tried to modernize the Russian Empire with new ideas of science and technology. This is significant in the social development of these Western areas as it had a requirement on both men and women status. | 12 | |
| 5820851472 | Printing Press | "- A mechanical device that was invented in 15th century Europe, but Johannes Gutenberg was credited with perfecting the process that pressed the ink into the paper. Knowledge of the press spread across Europe which resulted in the mass production of books. - Was able to produce thousands of pages a day, compared to the few produced by hand, allowing for the spread of ideas from humanist thinkers and reformers." | 13 | |
| 5820853020 | Kingdom of Kongo | "Located in central Africa along the Congo River, Kongo began its rise in the 1300s and became a strong centralized state in 1400s. The Portuguese sought gold, ivory, and slaves from the Kongolese. The Kings of Kongo tried to stop Portuguese slave trade, but the Portuguese refused and defeated Kongolese in combat." | 14 | |
| 5820854148 | Martin Luther | "A German monk credited with the start of the Protestant Reformation in Europe and Lutheranism. Wrote the Ninety-Five Theses which was a list of arguments against the Catholic Church. Believed only faith was needed to go to heaven. Christianity was spread around the world due to these Interactions across hemispheres. Allowed diversity. " | 15 | |
| 5820856411 | Tokugawa Period: Social and Economic Changes | "There was peace and stability which made changes in this period. The warring samurai and daimyo classes, had found peace in this period and interested themselves in new endeavors, such as the arts. New crops led to population increase, which led to growth of cities and trade, in which the merchant class benefitted from. This period is important because after the prohibition of trade within western nations the japanese allowed the Dutch to retain a small trading post on an island in Nagasaki Harbor." | 16 | |
| 5820949632 | British Economic Interests in India | In the early 1600s, Mughal emperors allowed the British to trade in India. Trading posts were set up along the coast and the East India Company established forts and controlled trade in India. After the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, the British took control of trade and replaced the Mughals as ruling authority. | 17 | |
| 5820950843 | Encomienda System | A feudal-like labor system that used a cheap labor supply established by the Spanish in exchange for a safeguarded health and safety for the Natives from Spanish landowners, as well as encouraging their conversion to Catholicism. Harsh behavior and overworking the Natives led to the import of slaves from Africa. | 18 | |
| 5820951651 | Impact of Atlantic Slave Trade in Africa | Enslaved Africans, who were particularly men, were traded with the Europeans which increased interrribal warfare and the dissolution of once powerful kingdoms (particularly those on the east coast). It was significant because even with the slave trade it didn't decrease the population size on the continent, but instead, helped stabilize the population. | 19 | |
| 5820952743 | Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | "Establishment of European colonial Empires in Americas led to this trade that was also known as the triangular trade. Slaves were sent to the Caribbean, Central America, Peru, and North America to work on plantations to cultivate cash crops." | 20 |
