Terms : Hide Images
| 3831594123 | Absolute Monarch | ruler with complete control over the government and the lives of the people | 0 | |
| 3831594124 | Capitalism | an economic system based on private property and free enterprise | 1 | |
| 3831594125 | Colonization | system of settling new lands that remain under the government of their native land | 2 | |
| 3831594126 | Common Wealth | a self-governed political unit | 3 | |
| 3831594127 | Humanism | a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements | 4 | |
| 3831594128 | Mercantilism | the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys | 5 | |
| 3831594129 | Vernacular | The everyday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage | 6 | |
| 3831594130 | Akbar the great (1542-1605) | Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion. | 7 | |
| 3831594131 | john calvin | French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion | 8 | |
| 3831594132 | Columbian exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 9 | |
| 3831594133 | dutch east company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies until the british came and took over | 10 | |
| 3831594134 | eastern orthodox | this Christian religion broke away from the Roman church when it would not accept the authority of the Pope as the head of the church | 11 | |
| 3831594135 | Elizabeth I | Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada. | 12 | |
| 3831594136 | encomienda system | system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills. | 13 | |
| 3831594137 | hacienda system | similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners; few people owned land. (Spanish america) | 14 | |
| 3831594138 | Henry VIII | English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to end his marriage. | 15 | |
| 3831594139 | Jesuit order | Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534 | 16 | |
| 3831594140 | martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 17 | |
| 3831594141 | louis XIV | This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France | 18 | |
| 3831594142 | peter the great | Russian czar from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 19 | |
| 3831594143 | philip II of Spain | This was the king who started the success of Spain's foreign colonies | 20 | |
| 3831594144 | protestant reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | 21 | |
| 3831594145 | renaissance | The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history | 22 | |
| 3831594146 | roman catholic church | the Christian church headed by the pope in Rome | 23 | |
| 3831594147 | scientific revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method | 24 | |
| 3831594148 | shogun | the supreme military commander of Japan | 25 | |
| 3831594149 | zheng he | Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia | 26 | |
| 3831594150 | mughal empire | a period of Muslim rule of India from the 1500s to the 1700s | 27 | |
| 3831594151 | spain | King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella created one house under Spanish rule, creating an all powerful nation-state. Supported exploration, had a long term impact on cultural world, revival and expansion of the Spanish language , culture, roman Catholicism, expanding them across the Atlantic. Focused on western exploration.(Western Europe) | 28 | |
| 3831594152 | Portugal | Dominate Africa the Indian ocean an spice islands. Had limited man power, was middle man in the floating empire. Transatlantic slave trade and controlled sea routes.(Western Europe) | 29 | |
| 3831594153 | Elizabeth Age | Daughter of King Henry VIII. Boasted expansion into the new world. England (Western Europe) | 30 | |
| 3831594154 | France | France began to unify and centralize authority under a strong monarchy. Relgiously differnet, catholic vs protestant (huguenonts). Edict of Nantes created tolernace.After a change in power to Louis XIV, many Huguenots were exiled. Never called on the estates -general for guidence. Many terrirorial invasions was coastly and inefficiant.Failed and colonizing over seas.Giving up a lot of territory to england.Center of arts grew as military declined. (Western Europe) | 31 | |
| 3831594155 | Russia | Ivan IV absolute rule, united & expanded. Peasants conquered land for freedom from there feudal lords (cosacks) Established Romanov Dynasty, added stability into the empire. Peasants turned into slaves (serfs) Peter the great westernized Russia. Built first navy. Many scientist were recruited. Women had to were western clothing. Men had to shave there beards. Most of serfs built the land. Education alike to western ideas. (East Europe) | 32 | |
| 3831594156 | Safavid | The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries (Islamic, middle east) | 33 | |
| 3831594157 | Mughal | Akbar, centralized religious tolerance between Hinduism and Islam. Eliminated Jizya, tax on Hindus. Tried to improve women by attempting sati. Resulted in golden age of art and architecture . (Islamic, middle east) | 34 | |
| 3831594158 | Ottoman Empire | Turks in Turkey. Constantinople moved to Isanbul. Tolerant of Christian and Jews. Conquered land by children warriors "janissanries" Selim I expanded it the most. Military, encouraged arts. Golden age. Expanded Islam. Trade with India, china and America. (Islamic, middle east) | 35 | |
| 3831594159 | Ming | 9th dynasty restored power, strong centralized govt on traditional Confucius principles. Reinstated civil service exam. and removed mongol influence. Changed money to single whip based on silver economy. established trade with Spanish silver flooding market, caused inflation. (china) | 36 | |
| 3831594160 | qing | 10th dynasty not chinese. Took over ming dynasty. Chinese forbidden to learn language or marry. Civil service exam grew. Expanded empire and art. Traded with Europeans restricted, brought tea, silk and porcelain for silver. Merchant class rose. (china) | 37 | |
| 3831594161 | tokuguawa Shogawa | trict rigid government. Rigid class like caste system warrior->farmers->artisans-> merchant. Westernization prohibited. Christians executed. National seclusion policy, japan became secluded. Culture thrived. Buddism and shintoism remained. Strong central authority. (Japan) | 38 | |
| 3831594162 | Divine right of kings | the belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God | 39 | |
| 3831594163 | Four classes of Spanish American Society | peninsulares- Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class Creoles- descendants of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status Mestizos- A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry Mulattos-persons of mixed European and African ancestry | 40 | |
| 3831594164 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 41 | |
| 3831594165 | middle passage | the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade | 42 | |
| 3831594166 | Reconquista | The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100's until 1492. | 43 | |
| 3831594167 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. | 44 | |
| 3831594168 | triangular trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | 45 | |
| 3831594169 | boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 46 | |
| 3831594170 | cossacks | peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements. | 47 | |
| 3831594171 | third Rome | Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuity of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453. | 48 | |
| 3831594172 | Mullahs | Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism | 49 | |
| 3831594173 | Taj Mahal | a tomb built by Shah Jahan for his wife | 50 | |
| 3831594174 | Dutch trading empire | The Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products. | 51 | |
| 3831594175 | Ivan III | grand duke of Muscovy whose victories against the Tartars laid the basis for Russian unity (1440-1505) | 52 | |
| 3831594176 | John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 53 | |
| 3831594177 | salvation | (Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil | 54 | |
| 3831594178 | monastic | a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work | 55 | |
| 3831594179 | Michael Romanov | The new "Tsar" of Russia after Ivan, he ended the Time of Troubles | 56 | |
| 3831594180 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 57 | |
| 3831594181 | Montezuma | Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors | 58 | |
| 3831594182 | Giovanni de Verrazano | Italian navigator, who was commissioned by France to find a Northwest Passage leading through the Americas to Asia; explored part of North America's eastern coast, including New York harbor (France) | 59 | |
| 3831594183 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 60 | |
| 3831594184 | Amerigo Vespucci | The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him | 61 | |
| 3831594185 | Vasco de Gama | The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him | 62 | |
| 3831594186 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 63 | |
| 3831594187 | Tokugawa Bakufu System | a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which now is called Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1603 until 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. | 64 | |
| 3831594188 | silver mining | forever altered world trade - became source of wealth for Portugal/Spain, currency for China, dominated resource of Mexico, extracted minerals from America and sent to Europe | 65 | |
| 3831594189 | Bartolome de Las Casas | demonized role of Spanish and Columbus in treatment of Native Americans | 66 | |
| 3831594190 | Spanish importation of smallpox and measles | Columbian exchange negative - immunity lacking in indigenous people - led to millions of deaths - huge demographic switch | 67 | |
| 3831594191 | sugar production and the slave trade | labor intensive, dangerous, spurred growth of Atlantic Slave trade to Caribbean/Latin America - numbers kept up through extensive trade, not through reproduction - males primarily brought over - overseers keep order violently, absentee landowners | 68 | |
| 3831594192 | Atlantic slave trade | purchase and transport of black Africans into bondage and servitude in the New World. It is sometimes called the Maafa by African Americans, meaning holocaust or great disaster in kiSwahili. The slaves were one element of a three-part economic cycle—the Triangular Trade and its infamous Middle Passage—which ultimately involved four continents, four centuries and the lives and fortunes of millions of people | 69 | |
| 3831594193 | Zulu | South African tribe led by Shaka Zulu that united tribes through warfare and then posed threat to Boers and British, one of few instances where non-Europeans able to defeat Europeans in battle | 70 | |
| 3831594194 | sultan | certain Muslim rulers who claimed full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e. the lack of dependence on any higher ruler), without claiming the overall caliphate. It then developed some further meanings in certain contexts. The dynasty and lands ruled by the Sultan is called Sultanate | 71 | |
| 3831594195 | North American fur trade | Indians and French worked together, massive exporters of fur, beaverskin caps became rage in Europe, French colonized differently, mostly male-dominated initially along Mississippi | 72 | |
| 3831594196 | Jacques Cartier | explorer popularly thought of as one of the major discoverers of Canada. | 73 | |
| 3831594197 | Christopher Colombus | discover" of the Americas, looking for shortcut.western route to East Indies - controversial character - treatment of indigenous people/African slave introduction vs. Colombian Exchange and starting new wave of exploration, starts era of European dominance | 74 | |
| 3831594198 | Prince Henry the Navigator | sparks European interest in exploration, gave Portuguese a head start, known in English as Prince Henry the Navigator or the Seafarer (Portuguese: o Navegador). He promoted early Portuguese efforts to explore an Adrican route to Asia | 75 | |
| 3831594199 | population growth and the Agricultural Revolution | need for more food for Industrialization/growing population (little disease, improving health/diet), improved technology, crop rotation, enclosure movement | 76 | |
| 3831594200 | class diversification in Europe | growth of middle class between aristocracy and peasantry | 77 | |
| 3831594201 | commercial revolution | of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately 1520 until 1650. Voyages of discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries allowed European powers to build vast networks of international trade, which in turn generating a great deal of wealth for them | 78 | |
| 3831594202 | Ivan the Great | quadrupled size of Russia, made Moscow impressive capital of Third Roman Empire, laid foundation for Russian aristocracy, longest rule | 79 |
