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| 532368683 | Ottoman Empire | Turkic empire stretched from Asia Minor to Middle East, conquest in Constantinople and ended Byzantine empire | 0 | |
| 717297346 | Ibn-Rushd | Studied Greek rationalism, ignored by Muslims but flourished in Europe | 1 | |
| 464901418 | Ming dynasty | Succeeded Mongols, lasted until 1644, began trade expeditions, concentrated on internal development in China | 2 | |
| 613492587 | Cheng-Ho | Chinese seaman commanded Indian Ocean expeditions | 3 | |
| 969015022 | Black Death | Plague struck Europe in 14th century, greatly decimated Europe and Asia | 4 | |
| 59817092 | Renaissance | movement in Italy focused on urban expanding commerce and featured a literature and art with more secular priorities than Middle Ages | 5 | |
| 1035187669 | Portugal, Castile and Aragon | kingdoms in Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims and developed military and religious agenda | 6 | |
| 722216022 | Francesco Petrarch | Italian author humanist, known as the father of humanism | 7 | |
| 896417483 | Vivaldi brothers | Genoan explorers attempted to find western route to indies | 8 | |
| 380963879 | Henry the navigator | Portuguese prince sponsored Atlantic voyages, started "Age of Discoveries" | 9 | |
| 824742297 | Ethnocentrism | Judging others by the standards of one's own group | 10 |
