Terms : Hide Images
| 9248020233 | Triple Alliance | An alliance made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the 1880s | 0 | |
| 9248020234 | Schlieffen Plan | Made by Germany in 1905, called for a swift attack on France through Belgium | 1 | |
| 9248020235 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Of Austria-Hungary, visited Bosnia, was shot and killed along with his wife, his murder was the catalyst for WW2 | 2 | |
| 9248020236 | Gavrilo Princip | A Serbian nationalist who shot and killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife | 3 | |
| 9248020237 | Central Powers | An alliance during WW2 with Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary | 4 | |
| 9248020238 | Isolationism | A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries | 5 | |
| 9248020239 | Zimmerman Telegram | A secret message sent between German diplomats suggesting that Mexico might want to join forces with Germany and thereby regain the territory it had lost to the United States in the Mexican-American War of 1846, intercepted by the US so the US joined WW1 | 6 | |
| 9248020240 | Treaty of Versailles | The most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. | 7 | |
| 9248020241 | Fourteen Points | A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson. | 8 | |
| 9248020242 | League of Nations | An international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. | 9 | |
| 9248020243 | Russian Revolution | A pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the eventual rise of the Soviet Union. | 10 | |
| 9248020244 | Vladimir Lenin | A Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist who was Marxist, he issued the April Theses, set abut nationalizing the assets and industries of Russia | 11 | |
| 9248020245 | Bolsheviks | The socialist party in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin, took command of the government | 12 | |
| 9248020246 | Czar Nicholas | In February 1917 he was forced to abdicate his throne, last ruler of the Romanov Dynasty | 13 | |
| 9248020247 | Alexander Kerensky | Created a provisional government, a Russian lawyer and key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917 | 14 | |
| 9248020248 | April Theses | Issued by Vladimir Lenin, demanded peace, land for peasants, and power to the soviets | 15 | |
| 9248020249 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | A peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers that ended Russia's participation in World War I, ceded a huge piece of western Russia to Germany | 16 | |
| 9248020250 | Soviet Union | A socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 | 17 | |
| 9248020251 | Red Army | Created by the Bolsheviks to suppress the skirmishes in Russia, under the command of Leon Trotsky | 18 | |
| 9248020252 | Leon Trotsky | A Marxist revolutionary and theorist, and a Soviet politician who engineered the transfer of all political power to the Soviets, led the Red Army | 19 | |
| 9248020253 | Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) | Later became known as Ataturk, led successful military campaigns against the Greeks, and then overthrew the Ottoman sultan, first president of modern Turkey, secularized the overwhelmingly Muslin nation, introduced Western-style dress and customs, changed the alphabet, set up a parliamentary system, changed the legal code | 20 | |
| 9248020254 | New Economic Policy (NEP) | Instituted by Lenin in the early 1920s, had some capitalistic aspects, such as allowing farmers to sell portions of their grain for their own profit, plan was successful in agriculture | 21 | |
| 9248020255 | Joseph Stalin | Ruled after Lenin, got rid of the NEP, imposed his Five Year Plans, a Georgian-Soviet revolutionary, politician and political theorist, governed the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953 | 22 | |
| 9248020256 | Five Year Plans | A list of economic goals, created by General Secretary Joseph Stalin and based on his policy of Socialism in One Country. It was implemented between 1928 and 1932. | 23 | |
| 9248020257 | Collectivization | A policy of forced consolidation of individual peasant households into collective farms called "kolkhozes" as carried out by the Soviet government in the late 1920's - early 1930's. | 24 | |
| 9248020258 | USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, improved economic conditions for the country as a whole, started under Stalin | 25 | |
| 9248020259 | Great Depression | Lasted from 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. | 26 | |
| 9248020260 | Franklin Roosevelt | An American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945 | 27 | |
| 9248020261 | Fascism | An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization, extreme right-wing, authoritarian, or intolerant views or practice | 28 | |
| 9248020262 | Benito Mussolini | Founder and leader of fascism in Italy, created the National Fascist Party in 1919, an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943 | 29 | |
| 9248020263 | Blackshirts | Originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party and, after 1923, an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy | 30 | |
| 9248020264 | Weimar Republic | An unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place | 31 | |
| 9248020265 | National Socialist Party (Nazis) | Political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the party came to power in Germany in 1933 and governed by totalitarian methods until 1945 | 32 | |
| 9248020266 | Reichstag | Weimar Republic's elected body | 33 | |
| 9248020267 | Adolf Hitler | A German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. | 34 | |
| 9248020268 | Third Reich | The common name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 35 | |
| 9248020269 | Francisco Franco | A Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for 36 years from 1939 until his death | 36 | |
| 9248020270 | Rhineland | A region west of the Rhine River that had been taken away from Germany after WWI, taken back by Hitler | 37 | |
| 9248020271 | Munich Conference of 1938 | Included Hitler, Mussolini, and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia | 38 | |
| 9248020272 | Neville Chamberlain | A British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940 | 39 | |
| 9248020273 | Appeasement | To yield or concede to the belligerent demands of (a nation, group, person, etc.) in a conciliatory effort, sometimes at the expense of justice or other principles | 40 | |
| 9248020274 | Nazi-Soviet Pact | Signed by the Germans in August of 1939, in which the two countries (Germany and Russia) agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years | 41 | |
| 9248020275 | Manchuko | What Japan renamed Manchuria after the took it over | 42 | |
| 9248020276 | Anti-Comintern Pact | An anti-communist pact concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan (later to be joined by other, mainly fascist, governments) on November 25, 1936 and was directed against the Third (Communist) International | 43 | |
| 9248020277 | Blitzkrieg | An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory, used by the Germans in WWII | 44 | |
| 9248020278 | Winston Churchill | A British politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955 | 45 | |
| 9248020279 | Battle of Britain | A military campaign of the Second World War, when the Royal Air Force defended the United Kingdom against the German Air Force attacks from the end of June 1940 | 46 | |
| 9248020280 | Tripartite Pact | Also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Japan and Italy signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Saburō Kurusu and Galeazzo Ciano | 47 | |
| 9248020281 | Pearl Harbor | On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed a U.S. naval station in Hawaii here | 48 | |
| 9248020282 | Manhattan Project | A plan where the US secretly made an atomic bomb | 49 | |
| 9248020283 | D-Day | The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II | 50 | |
| 9248020284 | President Truman | An American politician who served as the 33rd President of the United States, assuming that office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II | 51 | |
| 9248020285 | Hiroshima | The United States, at the order of President Harry S. Truman, dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese city on August 6, 1945 during the final stage of World War II. | 52 | |
| 9248020286 | Nagasaki | The United States, at the order of President Harry S. Truman, dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese city on August 9, 1945, respectively, during the final stage of World War II. | 53 | |
| 9248020287 | Marshall Plan | Also known as the European Recovery Program, channeled over $13 billion to finance the economic recovery of Europe between 1948 and 1951 | 54 | |
| 9248020288 | United Nations | An intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order, established in 1945 to replace the failed League of Nations | 55 | |
| 9248020289 | Cold War | Lasted from 1945-early 1990s, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons | 56 | |
| 9248020290 | Yalta Conference | Sometimes called the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization | 57 | |
| 9248020291 | Potsdam Conference | A conference held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. | 58 | |
| 9248020292 | Berlin Blockade | When the Soviets cut off land access to Berlin from the west | 59 | |
| 9248020293 | Berlin Airlift | When the West retaliated to the Berlin Blockade by flying in food and fuel to the "trapped" western half of the city | 60 | |
| 9248020294 | Soviet Bloc | The communist nations closely allied with the Soviet Union, including Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, whose foreign policies depended on those of the former Soviet Union | 61 | |
| 9248020295 | Truman Doctrine | President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. | 62 | |
| 9248020296 | Containment | A geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism. | 63 | |
| 9248020297 | NATO (North Atlantic Treat Organization) | Also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949 | 64 | |
| 9248020298 | Warsaw Pact | Formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance and sometimes, informally, WarPac. was a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite regions | 65 | |
| 9248020299 | Iron Curtain | The line between East and West, Churchill coined the phrase | 66 | |
| 9248020300 | Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty | A landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament | 67 | |
| 9248020301 | International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) | An international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons | 68 | |
| 9248020302 | Sun Yat-sen | A Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, calligrapher and revolutionary, the first president and founding father of the Republic of China, led the Chinese Revolution of 1911 | 69 | |
| 9248020303 | Chinese Revolution of 1911 | The Xinhai Revolution, a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, and established the Republic of China | 70 | |
| 9248020304 | Three Principles of the People | Nationalism, socialism, and democracy, promoted by Sun Yat-sen, hoped that it would unite the people against foreign interests and give them a Chinese identity | 71 | |
| 9248020305 | Kuomindang (or KMT) | A political party established by Sun Yat-sen that was dedicated to his won goals | 72 | |
| 9248020306 | Chiang Kai-shek | A Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, established the KMT as the ruling party of China | 73 | |
| 9248020307 | Mao Zedong | A Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949, until his death in 1976 | 74 | |
| 9248020308 | Republic of China | Where the Kuomindang fled to because of Mao's forces, Taiwan today |  | 75 |
| 9248020309 | People's Republic of China | The state Mao Zedong established, largest communist nation in the world, recognized by the UN as the official China |  | 76 |
| 9248020310 | Great Leap Forward | Was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1962, implemented by Mao Zedong | 77 | |
| 9248020311 | Cultural Revolution | A sociopolitical movement that took place in China from 1966 until 1976, Mao's goal was to discourage anything approaching a privileged ruling class | 78 | |
| 9248020312 | Tiananmen Square Massacre | Student-led demonstrations in Beijing in 1989, the government sent troops and opened fired, hundreds were killed, protesting for democratic reform | 79 | |
| 9248020313 | General MacArthur | An American general who commanded the Southwest Pacific in World War II (1939-1945), oversaw the successful Allied occupation of postwar Japan and led United Nations forces in the Korean War (1950-1953) | 80 | |
| 9248020314 | Indochina | What the French called Vietnam when they took it over | 81 | |
| 9248020315 | Vietminh | Nationalists in Indochina who fought against the French, used guerrilla warfare | 82 | |
| 9248020316 | Ho Chi Minh | Led the northern and communist part of Vietnam | 83 | |
| 9248020317 | Ngo Dihn Diem | Became the president of the democratic south Vietnam | 84 | |
| 9248020318 | Viet Cong | English Vietnamese Communists, the guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam (late 1950s-1975) and the United States (early 1960s-1973) | 85 | |
| 9248020319 | Platt Amendment | Passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions | 86 | |
| 9248020320 | Batista Dictatorship | A time when Batista (soldier and political leader who twice ruled Cuba—first in 1933-44 with an efficient government and again in 1952-59 as a dictator, jailing his opponents, using terrorist methods, and making fortunes for himself and his associates) was leader in Cuba, supported by the US | 87 | |
| 9248020321 | Fidel Castro | A Cuban revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008 | 88 | |
| 9248020322 | Cuban Revolution | An armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the right-wing authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista | 89 | |
| 9248020323 | President Kennedy | Commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 | 90 | |
| 9248020324 | Bay of Pigs Invasion | A failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961 | 91 | |
| 9248020325 | Cuban Missile Crisis | also known as the October Crisis, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba | 92 | |
| 9248020326 | Good Neighbor | A United States foreign policy doctrine, adopted by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, designed to improve relations with Latin America | 93 | |
| 9248020327 | Institutional Revolutionary Party | A Mexican political party founded in 1929, that held power uninterruptedly in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party, then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution. | 94 | |
| 9248020328 | Sandinista | A democratic socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas in both English and Spanish. | 95 | |
| 9248020329 | Export Economy | A trading nation is a country where international trade makes up a large percentage of its economy. Smaller nations tend to be more trade-dependent than larger ones. | 96 | |
| 9248020330 | National Action Party (PAN) | One of the three main political parties in Mexico. Since the 1980s has been an important political party winning local, state, and national elections. | 97 | |
| 9248020331 | Lech Walesa | Labor activist who helped form and led (1980-90) communist Poland's first independent trade union, Solidarity. The charismatic leader of millions of Polish workers, he went on to become the president of Poland (1990-95). He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1983. | 98 | |
| 9248020332 | Tadeusz Mazowiecki | A Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist Polish prime minister since 1946 | 99 | |
| 9248020333 | Mikhail Gorbachev | A former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved | 100 | |
| 9248020334 | Ethnic Cleansing | The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society | 101 | |
| 9248020335 | Chechnya | A federal subject of Russia. It is located in the North Caucasus, situated in the southernmost part of Eastern Europe, and within 100 kilometers of the Caspian Sea | 102 | |
| 9248020336 | Federal | Having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs | 103 | |
| 9248020337 | Boris Yeltsin | A Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 | 104 | |
| 9248020338 | KGB | Was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991, spied on other nations, Putin was one of them | 105 | |
| 9248020339 | Vladimir Putin | The current President of the Russian Federation, holding the office since 7 May 2012. He was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000, President from 2000 to 2008, and again Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012 | 106 | |
| 9248020340 | Indian National Congress | A broad-based political party in India. Founded in 1885, the Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. | 107 | |
| 9248020341 | Muslim League | A political party in India. It is recognized by the Election Commission of India as a State Party in Kerala. IUML has an MLA in Tamil Nadu also, and it has a strong organisational structure in Tamil Nadu. | 108 | |
| 9248020342 | Amritsar Massacre | Took place on 13 April 1919 when a crowd of nonviolent protesters, along with Baishakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, were fired upon by troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer. | 109 | |
| 9248020343 | Mohandas Gandhi | The leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. | 110 | |
| 9248020344 | Passive Resistance | Nonviolent opposition to authority, especially a refusal to cooperate with legal requirements | 111 | |
| 9248020345 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | A lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's creation on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death. | 112 | |
| 9248020346 | Algeria | A North African country with a Mediterranean coastline and a Saharan desert interior |  | 113 |
| 9248020347 | Ghana | A nation on West Africa's Gulf of Guinea, is known for diverse wildlife, old forts and secluded beaches, such as at Busua |  | 114 |
| 9248020348 | Kenya | A country in East Africa with coastline on the Indian Ocean. It encompasses savanna, lake-lands, the dramatic Great Rift Valley and mountain highlands |  | 115 |
| 9248020349 | Angola | A Southern African nation whose varied terrain encompasses tropical Atlantic beaches, a labyrinthine system of rivers and Sub-Saharan desert that extends across the border into Namibia | 116 | |
| 9248020350 | Belgian Congo | A Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo | 117 | |
| 9248020351 | Zimbabwe | A landlocked country in southern Africa known for its dramatic landscape and diverse wildlife, much of it within parks, reserves and safari areas |  | 118 |
| 9248020352 | African Union | A continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent. It was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa. | 119 | |
| 9248020353 | Organization of African Unity (OAU) | established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa, with 32 signatory governments, disbanded on 9 July 2002 by its last chairperson, South African President Thabo Mbeki, and replaced by the African Union (AU). | 120 | |
| 9248020354 | Chad | A landlocked country in Central Africa |  | 121 |
| 9248020355 | Sudan | Also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northern Africa |  | 122 |
| 9248020356 | Uganda | A landlocked country in East Africa whose diverse landscape encompasses the snow-capped Rwenzori Mountains and immense Lake Victoria | 123 | |
| 9248020357 | Somalia | A country located in the Horn of Africa |  | 124 |
| 9248020358 | Rwanda | A landlocked East African country with a green, mountainous landscape |  | 125 |
| 9248020359 | Democratic Republic of Congo | A country located in Central Africa |  | 126 |
| 9248020360 | Tutsi | A population inhabiting the African Great Lakes region, Belgium favored them | 127 | |
| 9248020361 | Hutu | A Bantu ethnic group native to African Great Lakes region of Africa, primarily area now under Burundi and Rwanda | 128 | |
| 9248020362 | Apartheid | A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. | 129 | |
| 9248020363 | Nelson Mandela | A South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 | 130 | |
| 9248020364 | African National Congress | The Republic of South Africa's governing social democratic political party | 131 | |
| 9248020365 | Sharpeville Massacre | A turning point in South African history. On March 21, 1960, without warning, South African police at Sharpeville, an African township of Vereeninging, south of Johannesburg, shot into a crowd of about 5,000 unarmed anti-pass protesters, killing at least 69 people - many of them shot in the back - and wounding more than 200. | 132 | |
| 9248020366 | Zionists | A supporter of Zionism; a person who believes in the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel | 133 | |
| 9248020367 | Arthur Balfour | A British Conservative politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from July 1902 to December 1905, and later Foreign Secretary. | 134 | |
| 9248020368 | Balfour Declaration of 1917 | A single paragraph in a letter dated 2 November 1917 from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland | 135 | |
| 9248020369 | Pogroms | A Russian word meaning "to wreak havoc, to demolish violently." Historically, the term refers to violent attacks by local non-Jewish populations on Jews in the Russian Empire and in other countries. The first such incident to be labeled it is believed to be anti-Jewish rioting in Odessa in 1821. | 136 | |
| 9248020370 | David Ben-Gurion | The primary founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel | 137 | |
| 9248020371 | 1948 Arab-Israeli War | First Arab-Israeli War was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war. | 138 | |
| 9248020372 | West Bank | A landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, forming the bulk of territory now under Israeli control, or else under joint Israeli-Palestinian Authority control |  | 139 |
| 9248020373 | Six-Day War | Fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria | 140 | |
| 9248020374 | Gaza Strip | A small Palestinian territory, about twice the size of the District of Columbia, located along the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Israel. Palestinians are ethnic Arab and majority Muslim. |  | 141 |
| 9248020375 | Golan Heights | a region in the Levant. The western two-thirds are occupied and administrated by Israel, whereas the eastern third is controlled by Syria, with the UNDOF maintaining a buffer zone in between, to implement the ceasefire of the Purple Line. |  | 142 |
| 9248020376 | Prime Minister Menachem Begin | an Israeli politician, founder of Likud, and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944, against the British mandatory government, which was opposed by the Jewish Agency | 143 | |
| 9248020377 | President Anwar Sadat | Was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981 | 144 | |
| 9248020378 | Camp David Accords | Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin sign the Camp David Accords, laying the groundwork for a permanent peace agreement between Egypt and Israel after three decades of hostilities | 145 | |
| 9248020379 | Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) | An organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians. | 146 | |
| 9248020380 | Ariel Sharon | Nn Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006. Sharon was incapacitated by a stroke in January 2006. | 147 | |
| 9248020381 | Yassir Arafat | Was a Palestinian political leader, former PLO leader, stalled the Roadmap to Peace, died in November 2004 | 148 | |
| 9248020382 | Mahmoud Abbas | The President of the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority | 149 | |
| 9248020383 | Reza Shah Pahlavi | The Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. Mohammad Reza took the title Shāhanshāh on 26 October 1967. | 150 | |
| 9248020384 | President Carter | An American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the Governor of Georgia prior to his election as president. | 151 | |
| 9248020385 | Iranian Revolution | Popular uprising in Iran in 1978-79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on April 1, 1979, and led to the establishment of an Islamic republic. | 152 | |
| 9248020386 | Ayatollah Khomeini | An Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary, and politician, former supreme leader of Iran | 153 | |
| 9248020387 | Iran-Iraq War | An armed conflict between Iran and Iraq lasting from 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, to August 1988. | 154 | |
| 9248020388 | Ayatollah Khamenei | a marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, succeeded the first Supreme Leader, Ruhollah Khomeini, after Khomeini's death, being elected as the new Supreme Leader by the Assembly of Experts, political career began after the Iranian Revolution, when the former President of Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, then a confidant of Khomeini, brought Khamenei into Khomeini's inner circle. | 155 | |
| 9248020389 | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | An Iranian politician who was the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013. He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country. | 156 | |
| 9248020390 | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | A permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10-14, 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. | 157 | |
| 9248020391 | Saddam Hussein | The fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003, a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism, played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq | 158 | |
| 9248020392 | Persian Gulf War | Also called Gulf War, (1990-91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990 | 159 | |
| 9248020393 | Nouri al-Maliki | An Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq from 2006 to 2014. He is secretary-general of the Islamic Dawa Party and a Vice President of Iraq. | 160 | |
| 9248020394 | Nur Muhammmad Taraki | An Afghan politician and statesman during the Cold War, born near Kabul and educated at Kabul University, after which he started his political career as a journalist. | 161 | |
| 9248020395 | Taliban | A Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan currently waging war within that country. | 162 | |
| 9248020396 | Osama bin Laden | The founder of al-Qaeda, the organization that claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks on the United States, along with numerous other mass-casualty attacks worldwide. | 163 | |
| 9248020397 | Al Qaeda | A militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s. | 164 | |
| 9248020398 | September 11, 2001 | A series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States | 165 | |
| 9248020399 | World Trade Center | The World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It featured landmark twin towers, which opened on April 4, 1973, and were destroyed as a result of the September 11 attacks. | 166 | |
| 9248020400 | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | An agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. | 167 | |
| 9248020401 | European Union (EU) | A political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe | 168 | |
| 9248020402 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) | Formed soon after World War II ended, was a trade treaty implemented to boost economic recovery. The primary purpose was to increase international trade through by eliminating or reducing various tariffs, quotas and subsidies while maintaining meaningful regulations. | 169 | |
| 9248020403 | Special Economic Zones | An area in which business and trade laws are different from rest of the country. Located within a country's national borders, and their aims include: increased trade, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. | 170 | |
| 9248020404 | Group of Six (G6) | Created in 1975 as a forum for the world's major industrialized democracies, original members included the US, Great Britain, West Germany, Italy, Japan, and France, now known as the G8 because of the addition of Canada and Russia | 171 |
