The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 4.
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| 5347094036 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty. | 0 | |
| 5347094037 | Xiongnu | Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state | 1 | |
| 5347094038 | Wudi | Han emperor who began the Chinese civil service by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | 2 | |
| 5347094039 | Solon | Athenian statesman and lawmaker whose reforms led the Athenians towards democracy | 3 | |
| 5347094040 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor from the Qin" Shihuangdi forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 4 | |
| 5347094041 | Qin dynasty | A short-lived but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period. | 5 | |
| 5347094042 | Punic Wars | Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E., that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean. | 6 | |
| 5347094043 | Plebeians | Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | 7 | |
| 5347094044 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India ; flourished from about 550 - 330 B.C.E. | 8 | |
| 5347094045 | Persepolis | The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire. Destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 9 | |
| 5347094046 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens and Sparta (w/their allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended with the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens' Golden Age. | 10 | |
| 5347094047 | pax Romana | The "Roman Peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E. | 11 | |
| 5347094048 | Patricians | Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society. | 12 | |
| 5347094049 | Olympic Games | Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus ; found in 776 B.C.E. and celebrated every four years. | 13 | |
| 5347094050 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire that encompassed most of India. | 14 | |
| 5347094051 | Marathon (Battle of Marathon) | Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E. | 15 | |
| 5347094052 | Mandate of Heaven | The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was a belief that a ruler held authority by command of a divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 16 | |
| 5347094053 | Ionia | The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia ; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire. | 17 | |
| 5347094054 | Hoplite | A heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time, the ability to afford a hoplite panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship. | 18 | |
| 5347094055 | Herodotus | Greek historian known as the "father of history." His Histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490~480 B.C.E. | 19 | |
| 5347094056 | Hellenistic Era | The period from 323-30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 20 | |
| 5347094057 | Han dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement. | 21 | |
| 5347094058 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India (320~550 C.E.). | 22 | |
| 5347094059 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated at both land and sea each time. | 23 | |
| 5347094060 | Darius I | Great king of Persia after the upheavals after Cyprus's death ; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | 24 | |
| 5347094061 | Cyrus (the Great) | Founder of the Persian Empire ; a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. | 25 | |
| 5347094062 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war. | 26 | |
| 5347094063 | Athenian democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot. | 27 | |
| 5347094064 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire ; he converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. | 28 | |
| 5347094065 | Aryans | Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization ; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians. | 29 | |
| 5347094066 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon, conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwestern India. | 30 | |
| 5347094067 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 31 |
