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| 10649646821 | Nomad | Definition: A member of a tribe that travels from place to place instead of living in one place all the time, usually in order to find grass for their animals. Significance: Nomadic settlers are significant historically wise due to the fact that they show evolution in its path. Date: Before around 1500 CE | 0 | |
| 10649646822 | Foraging societies | Definition: Nomadic, small communities and population, no political system, economic distribution is more equal. Significance: A major reason for this focus has been the widely held belief that knowledge of hunter-gatherer societies could open a window into understanding early human cultures. Date: 10 thousand years ago (8000 BC to 7000 BC) | 1 | |
| 10649662599 | Pastoral societies | Definition: Societies based around the domestication of animals. Significance: These people were the first to enjoy from farming fields, suburban and country life out in the lands. They would usually contribute much to their community by doing farm labor on a daily basis. Date: 8,000 BCE | 2 | |
| 10649664211 | Cuneiform | Definition: A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets. Significance: One of the first known written languages. Date: 3500-3000 BCE | 3 | |
| 10649666993 | Polytheistic | Definition: Believing in many gods. Significance: The belief and worship of many gods were accepted in the Roman Empire. The Romans believed in several deities who obtained vast amount s of power. Later on, the belief of polytheism wasn't permitted in Rome due to new cultural exchanges. Date: 2500 BC-present | 4 | |
| 10649671758 | Ziggurat | Definition: A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians. Significance: The main reason ancient Mesopotamians built ziggurats has its roots in religious beliefs. Date: From the end of the third millennium BCE and the latest date from the 6th century BCE. | 5 | |
| 10649674303 | Code of Hammurabi | Definition: A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world. Significance: Earlier law codes have been uncovered but Hammurabi is still a great example of an early effort to establish fairness in the legal system by writing the law down so that everyone knows what the rules are. Date: 1792 to 1750 B.C. | 6 | |
| 10649676334 | Pharaohs | Definition: A ruler of ancient Egypt. Significance: He was the head of the government and high priest of every temple.The people of Egypt considered the pharaoh to be a half-man, half-god. Date: From the Early Dynastic Period before 3100 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC. | 7 | |
| 10649678399 | Hieroglyphics | Definition: An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds. Significance: The first hieroglyphics were used mainly by the priests to record important events like wars or stories about their many gods and Pharaohs, and were usually used to decorate temples and tombs. Date: The earliest evidence of an Egyptian hieroglyphic system is believed to be from about 3000 BC, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphs for the next 3,500 years. | 8 | |
| 10649678400 | Mummification | Definition: A process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying. Significance: The Ancient Egyptians believed that they could get into the afterlife with the process of Mummification. (With other processes as well.) Date: About 2600 B.C., during the Fourth and Fifth Dynasties, Egyptians probably began to mummify the dead intentionally. | 9 | |
| 10649682424 | Pyramids | Definition: stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top. Significance: The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. It took the Egyptians years to make them. They also show how much the people of ancient Egypt worshiped their leaders. Date:2630 BC-2611 BC | 10 | |
| 10649684365 | Calendar | Definition: A system of organizing a time that defines the beginning, length, and divisions of a year. Significance: A calendar provides a way to determine when to start planting or harvesting, which days are religious or civil holidays, which days mark the beginning and end of business accounting periods, and which days have legal significance, such as the day taxes are due or a contract expires. Date: In 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII introduced his Gregorian calendar, Europe adhered to the Julian calendar, first implemented by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C. | 11 | |
| 10649686768 | Hinduism | Definition: A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. Significance: This caused a lot of oppression and decreased the amount of religious tolerance in the country. The Hindus divided the Indian society into castes, which affects potential marriages and jobs, regardless of your strength or intelligence Date: 5500 BCE. | 12 | |
| 10649686769 | the Vedas | Definition: Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. Significance: The influence the Hindu religion. Date: 1500 and 1000 BCE | 13 | |
| 10649690281 | the Upanishads | Definition: A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised. Significance: The Upanishads consist of the mystical and philosophical teachings of Hinduism. Date: 800 BCE and 500 BCE | 14 | |
| 10649693483 | Brahmans | Definition: One of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; the priestly class (in charge of the religious ceremonies that were so important in Indian society) Significance: The other gods of Hinduism are simply parts/expressions of Brahman. Brahman isn't a being though like God is, but a force or power. Date: 1500-500 BCE | 15 | |
| 10649695417 | Patriarchy | Definition: A form of social organization in which males dominate females. Significance: It impacted who was the leaders and rulers of countries, regions, and empires. Date: 1.9 million years ago, when homo Erectus first lived. | 16 | |
| 10649697600 | Mandate of Heaven | Definition: A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source Significance: The Mandate of Heaven determined if a ruler could stay and when they had to give up their power, and the rules that they had to follow. Date: 1046 | 17 | |
| 10649699265 | Bureaucracy | Definition: A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. Significance: One of the practitioners of a bureaucrat political system is the people of China. Chinese men were known to be part of hierarchal families with much authority. Date: mid 18th century | 18 |
